Unit 2 Lecture 11

Question 1

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

1. ventilation and gas exchange
2. filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air
3. sound production
4. sense of smell
5. metabolism of hormones
6. acid-base balance

Question 2

What are the are the 2 main types of respiration?

Answer 2

External and internal respiration

Question 3

What is external respiration?

Answer 3

exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood

Question 4

What is internal respiration?

Answer 4

gas exchange between capillary blood and the cells in tissues

Question 5

What is the 3rd, less important type of respiration?

Answer 5

cellular respiration

Question 6

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 6

the use of O2 by cells to produce ATP by oxidizing glucose

Question 7

What type of circulation (pulmonary or systemic) deals with external respiration?

Answer 7

Pulmonary circulation

Question 8

What type of circulation deals with internal respiration?

Answer 8

systemic circulation

Question 9

Name the major organs of respiration

Answer 9

Nose, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, with and left pulmonary bronchus, and lungs

Question 10

What surrounds the larynx in the throat?

Answer 10

the thyroid gland

Question 11

What happens when vocal cords abduct?

Answer 11

Vocal folds open

Question 12

What happens when vocal cords adduct?

Answer 12

Vocal folds come together

Question 13

Label the branching of the bronchial tree

Answer 13

Trachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles

Question 14

How do the lungs tie into the respiratory system?

Answer 14

Each lung is sub-divided into bronchopulmonary segments

Question 15

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 15

a portion of the lung that is supplied by a tertiary bronchus

Question 16

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?

Answer 16

10 in right

8 in left

Question 17

What is each bronchopulmonary segment divided into?

Answer 17

lung lobules

Question 18

What supplies a single lung lobule?

Answer 18

a terminal bronchiole

Question 19

What is a lobule?

Answer 19

a small segment of lung that is wrapped in connective tissue

Question 20

What does a lobule contain?

Answer 20

a lymph vessel, an arteriole, a venule, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 21

What are alveoli?

Answer 21

little sacs of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree

Question 22

What does the majority of the alveolar wall consist of?

Answer 22

squamous epithelial cells

Question 23

What are the squamous epithelial cells found in alveolar walls called?

Answer 23

Type 1 alveolar cells

Question 24

What is the function of type 1 alveolar cells?

Answer 24

their tight junctions prevent fluid leakage into the alveolar air spaces

Question 25

What percents of the alveolar wall is type 1 alveolar cells?

Answer 25

97%

Question 26

What makes up the remainder of alveolar walls?

Answer 26

Type II alveolar cells

Question 27

What is the function of type II alveolar cells?

Answer 27

secrete surfactant

Question 28

Does O2 go in or out of cells?

Answer 28

In

Question 29

Does CO2 go in or out of cells?

Answer 29

Out

Question 30

What are the 2 types of flow that involves the pulmonary blood supply

Answer 30

1. Nutritional flow

2. Pulmonary flow

Question 31

Define nutritional flow

Answer 31

lung tissue receives O2 blood from bronchial arteries (which branch off the aorta)

Question 32

Define pulmonary flow

Answer 32

pulmonary arteries supply lung capillaries which connects the arterioles w pulmonary venules which drain the pulmonary veins

Question 33

What is surfactant?

Answer 33

A substance which reduces the surface tension between two liquids