Unit 2 Lecture 11 Flashcards
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
- ventilation and gas exchange
- filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air
- sound production
- sense of smell
- metabolism of hormones
- acid-base balance
What are the are the 2 main types of respiration?
External and internal respiration
What is external respiration?
exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood
What is internal respiration?
gas exchange between capillary blood and the cells in tissues
What is the 3rd, less important type of respiration?
cellular respiration
what is cellular respiration?
the use of O2 by cells to produce ATP by oxidizing glucose
What type of circulation (pulmonary or systemic) deals with external respiration?
Pulmonary circulation
What type of circulation deals with internal respiration?
systemic circulation
Name the major organs of respiration
Nose, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, with and left pulmonary bronchus, and lungs
What surrounds the larynx in the throat?
the thyroid gland
What happens when vocal cords abduct?
Vocal folds open
What happens when vocal cords adduct?
Vocal folds come together
Label the branching of the bronchial tree
Trachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles
How do the lungs tie into the respiratory system?
Each lung is sub-divided into bronchopulmonary segments
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
a portion of the lung that is supplied by a tertiary bronchus
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?
10 in right
8 in left
What is each bronchopulmonary segment divided into?
lung lobules
What supplies a single lung lobule?
a terminal bronchiole
What is a lobule?
a small segment of lung that is wrapped in connective tissue
What does a lobule contain?
a lymph vessel, an arteriole, a venule, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts and alveoli
What are alveoli?
little sacs of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree
What does the majority of the alveolar wall consist of?
squamous epithelial cells
What are the squamous epithelial cells found in alveolar walls called?
Type 1 alveolar cells
What is the function of type 1 alveolar cells?
their tight junctions prevent fluid leakage into the alveolar air spaces
What percents of the alveolar wall is type 1 alveolar cells?
97%
What makes up the remainder of alveolar walls?
Type II alveolar cells
What is the function of type II alveolar cells?
secrete surfactant
Does O2 go in or out of cells?
In
Does CO2 go in or out of cells?
Out
What are the 2 types of flow that involves the pulmonary blood supply
- Nutritional flow
2. Pulmonary flow
Define nutritional flow
lung tissue receives O2 blood from bronchial arteries (which branch off the aorta)
Define pulmonary flow
pulmonary arteries supply lung capillaries which connects the arterioles w pulmonary venules which drain the pulmonary veins
What is surfactant?
A substance which reduces the surface tension between two liquids
