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Physiology 202 > Unit 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood
  3. Blood vessels
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2
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Acts as a pump to propel blood

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3
Q

What does blood do?

A

Moves through tubes called blood vessels

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4
Q

What do blood vessels do?

A

Conducts blood throughout the body

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5
Q

What is the heart called?

A

double pump

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6
Q

What is important about circulation of blood?

A

Circulation is CONTINUOUS

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7
Q

How many trips does blood travel through the heart?

A

2 CONTINUOUS trips

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8
Q

What is a “circuit”

A

each “stop” for blood at the heart

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9
Q

What is the path of blood through the heart?

A

heart -> arteries -> capillaries -> veins -> heart

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10
Q

What are the 2 cardiovascular circuits?

A
  • Systemic circuit

- Pulmonary circuit

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11
Q

What does systemic circuit do?

A

Carries oxygen & nutrients through blood to the cells of our body

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12
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

reloads blood with oxygen

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13
Q

What are the 4 chambers within the heart?

A
  • Left and right atrium

- Left and right ventricle

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14
Q

Blood enters the heart through what chamber?

A

Atrium

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15
Q

Blood exists the heart through what chamber?

A

Ventricle

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16
Q

What does the systemic circuit do?

A

carries oxygenated blood (arterial blood) to body cells/tissues/organs

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17
Q

What is the path of the systemic circuit?

A

Begins w/ LEFT VENTRICLE of art (ejects blood in the aorta) and ends w/ the RIGHT ATRIUM (collects returning blood)

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18
Q

How does the systemic circuit distribute blood?

A

in PARALLEL manner

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19
Q

What are major recipients of blood?

A

Kidneys, GI system, skeletal muscle, brain, skin, heart

also liver, bone

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20
Q

What does the pulmonary circulation do?

A

carries de-oxygenated blood (“venous blood”) to the lungs, RELOADS with OXYGEN, and empties with CO2

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21
Q

What is the path of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Begins w/ RIGHT VENTRICLE (ejects blood into the pulmonary trunk) and ends w/ LEFT atrium (collects returning blood)

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22
Q

Fluids move against what?

A

Pressure gradients

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23
Q

Pressure is higher in what?

A

Arteries (not veins)- thicker wall can resist pressure

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24
Q

What is cardiac output

A

the value for the amount of fluid that moves through the heart at a given time

  • pumped by ventricle
  • same for both systemic & pulmonary circuits
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25
Q

What is the value of cardiac output?

A

5 L/min

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26
Q

What happens if cardiac output is too much?

A

Heart could burst

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27
Q

What happens if cardiac output is too low?

A

Cell dies

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28
Q

What is the heart made up of?

A

Cardiac muscle

29
Q

What is the path of blood through the whole body?

A

Right atrium (deoxy) -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> lungs (oxy) Left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body -> right atrium

30
Q

The atria do what?

A

Receive blood

31
Q

The ventricles do what?

A

force blood out of heart and into circuits

32
Q

Which ventricle is thicker and has more muscle?

A

Left bc it has a greater workload

33
Q

How many heart valves are there?

A

4

34
Q

What are the different valves?

A
  • Left and right atrioventricular valves

- left and right semilunar valve

35
Q

What is the left atrioventricular (AV) valve called?

A

Bicupsid valve or “mitral” valve

36
Q

What is the right AV valve called?

A

tricuspid valve

37
Q

What does the mitral valve separate?

A

left atrium and left ventricle

38
Q

What does the tricuspid valve separate?

A

right atrium and right ventricle

39
Q

What do AV valves have inside of them?

A

Chordae tendinae

40
Q

What is chordae tendinae?

A

stringy tendons connected to the valve cusps and the inner ventricle walls

41
Q

What does chordae tendinae prevent?

A

Prevents the “prolapse” of the valves into the atria during ventricular contraction

42
Q

What is the name of the muscles in the AV valves?

A

papillary muscles

43
Q

What do papillary muscles do?

A

regulate tension in the chordae tendinae and contract simultaneously with the ventricles

44
Q

What is the name of the two semilunar valves?

A

aortic semilunar and pulmonary semilunar valves

45
Q

What does the aortic semilunar valve separate?

A

separates the left ventricular chamber from the aorta

46
Q

What does the pulmonary semilunar valve separate?

A

right ventricular chamber from the pulmonary trunk

47
Q

How do BOTH AV and Semilunar valves open?

A

in pressure- dependent manners

48
Q

What does it mean when something opens in pressure dependent manners?

A

They open and close in response to pressure differences between the major vessels and the heart ventricles

49
Q

aortic pressure > ventricular pressure =?

A

closed valve

50
Q

aortic pressure < ventricular pressure =?

A

open valve

51
Q

AV and semilunar valves do what together?

A

open and close

52
Q

what is coronary circulation?

A

The part of systemic circulation that provides the heart tissue with blood

53
Q

what ensures blood is delivered to heart tissue even if vessels are blocked?

A

anastomoses (or collateral routes)

54
Q

How does the tissue of the heart get blood?

A

from the right and left coronary arteries

55
Q

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate?

A

the ascending aorta

56
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

SA node, AV node, parts of the right atrium, in interventricular septum, and both ventricles

57
Q

What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?

A

marginal and posterior interventricular branch

58
Q

What does the marginal branch supply?

A

Anterior portions of the right ventricle

59
Q

What does the posterior interventricular branch supply?

A

posterior portions of both ventricles

60
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

SA node, parts of the left atrium, the interventricular septum, and both ventricles

61
Q

What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Circumflex and anterior interventricular branch

62
Q

What does the circumflex branch supply?

A

left atrium and posterior regions of the left ventricle

63
Q

What does the anterior interventricular branch supply?

A

anterior portions of both ventricles

64
Q

What are the 2 veins of the heart?

A

great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein

65
Q

what does the great cardiac vein do?

A

drains the anterior heart

66
Q

What does the middle cardiac vein do?

A

drains the posterior heart

67
Q

Where do BOTH veins drain into?

A

the coronary sinus

68
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain into?

A

right atrium

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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