Unit 1 Lecture 8 Flashcards
What 3 things controls blood pressure and blood flow?
- Neural control
- Hormonal control
- Local control
What makes up neural control?
cardiovascualr reflexes
What makes up hormonal control?
- catecholaminies, ADH, angiotensin II and aldosterone
- ANP
- Histamine
Where does neural control occur?
Cardiac centers of the medulla and the vagus nerve
What does the neural control regulate?
Heart rate, Stroke volume, and blood vessel diameter
Where does the cardiovascular (CV) center receive its information?
- Higher brain centers
- propriocenters
- baroreceptors
- chemoreceptors
What type of nerve impulses are sent to the cardiovascular center?
sensory nerve impulses
What higher brain centers input to the CV center?
Cerebral cortex, limbic system, and hypothalamus
What does proprioceptors do?
monitor joint movements
What does baroreceptors do?
monitor blood pressure
What does chemoreceptors do?
monitor blood acidity, CO2, and O2
Where does the neural control send its information?
the cardiovascular center (in the brainstem?)
What are the 3 functional regions of the cardiovascular center?
- cardioinhibitory center
- cardioacceleratory center
- vasomotor center
what functional regions of the cardiovascular center is responsible for the sympathetic ns?
cardioacceleratory center and (partly) vasomotor center
What functional regions of the cardiovascular center is responsible for the parasympathetic ns?
cardioinhibitory center
What 3 nerves output to effectors for the cardiovascular center of the Neural control?
- Vagus nerves
- cardiac accelerator nerves
- vasomotor nerves
What ns are the vagus nerves a part of?
parasympathetic
What ns are the cardiac accelerator nerves a part of?
sympathetic
what ns are the vasomotor nerves a part of?
sympathetic
Where does the cv center output to?
heart and blood vessels
What type of nerve impulses output to effectors from the CV center?
motor nerve impulses
What effect does the vagus nerve have on the heart?
decreases heart rate
What effect does the cardiac accelerator nerves have on the heart?
increases heart rate and contractility
What effect does the vasomotor nerves have on the blood vessels?
regulates blood vessel diameter -> vasoconstriction
How are cardiovascular reflexes produced?
By afferent signals of
- Baroreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Proprioceptors
What are the most important receptors in the cardiovascular regulation?
Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
What are the 2 types of baroreceptors?
High pressure and low pressure baroreceptors
Where are high pressure baroreceptors found?
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
How do baroreceptors enter the CV center in high pressure?
CN IX and X
Where are low pressure baroceptors found?
Walls of right atria and vena cava
What do baroceptors basically do?
Baroceptors are stretch receptors that send action potenials to the brain when the arterial wall changes due to pressure
Where are chemoreceptors found?
carotid sinus and walls of asscending aorta
Where do chemoreceptors reflex to?
Caroid sinus -> CN IX -> medula
ascending aorta -> CN X -> medula
What triggers chermoreceptors?
Increased H2, increased CO2 and HYPOXIA
What effect do chemoreceptors have on the heart (rate etc)
part of sympathetic division
INCREASES HR, SV and vasoconstriction
