Unit 5 Lecture 32 Flashcards
List the organs of the urinary system
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
Label kidney functions
- Regulation of blood ionic composition, blood pH and osmolarity, blood glucose, blood volume, blood pressure
- release of erythropoietin and calcitriol
- excretion of wastes and foreign substances
What are the kidney’s 3 major physiological functions on blood?
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretion
Do the kidneys deal with blood cells or blood plasma?
BLOOD PLASMA!!!!
What happens to 99% of the nutrients/electrolytes in blood plasma?
reabsorbed by blood
Define renal threshold
The normal levels of what’s reabsorbed by blood and what is sent to urine
What happens if the nutrients/ electrolyte concentration is too high?
Concentration exceeds renal threshold, little is reabsorbed by blood, and most is lost in urine
3 Layers of the kidney
renal cortex, medulla and sinus
What is the nephron?
functional unit of the kidney
What happens to nephrons over age or damage?
they just get bigger …. nephrons are never replaced after birth
Name the two parts of the nephron
- renal corpuscle
- renal tubule
Function of renal corpuscle
plasma filtration
Parts of the renal corpuscle
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
Function of glomerulus
filtration occurs
function of glomerular capsule
collects filtrate
Function of renal tubule
reabsorption from filtrate and secretion into filtrate
Parts of renal tubule
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
What structure comes after the distal convoluted tubule?
collecting duct
What makes up the blood capillaries in the glomerulus?
afferent and efferent arterioles
What do efferent arterioles branch into?
peritubular network or vasa recta
Name the 2 types of nephrons
cortical and juxtamedullary
What nephron is the majority?
cortical
Where are cortical nephrons found?
mostly in the renal cortex
Where are juxtamedullary found?
low into renal medulla
What type of blood supply does cortical nephrons have?
peritubular network
What type of bloo supply does juxtamedullary nephrons have?
vasa recta
What is unique about juxtamedullary loop of henle?
thin and thick ascending limb of loop of henle
What type of nerves regulate blood flow and renal (nephron) resistance?
sympathetic vasomotor nerves
What produces large changes in renal filtration?
vasoconstriction and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles
Where are simple squamous cells found in the nephron?
- parietal layer of glomerular capsule
- descending limb of Henle
- thin ascending limb of Henle
Where are cuboidal cells found in the nephron?
pct, thick ascending limb, dct, and cd
Where are microvilli found?
PCT and intercalated cells of the CD
Function of microvilli
increases surface area for reabsorption
Where are hormonal receptors found?
DCT and principal cells of CD
