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Physiology 202 > Unit 5 Lecture 36 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Lecture 36 Flashcards

1
Q

What % of solutes and water was reabsorbed into blood by the end of the DCT

A

90-95%

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2
Q

What are the 2 cells found in the collecting ducts?

A

principal cells and intercalated cells

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3
Q

Function of principal cells

A
  • reabsorb Na+ and water

- secrete K+

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4
Q

What hormones effect the functions of principal cells and what do they individually control?

A

aldosterone - effects Na+ and K+

ADH - effects water

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5
Q

Function of intercalated discs

A
  • reabsorb K+ and bicarbonate ions

- secrete H+

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6
Q

What direction does Na+ move across a membrane?

A

Filtrate –> blood

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7
Q

What does Na+ first pass through to get into a principal cell?

A

leakage channels

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8
Q

What does Na+ pass through to leave principal cells into ISF?

A

Na+/K+ pumps

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9
Q

What direction does K+ move across a membrane?

A

ISF –> filtrate

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10
Q

What two things must K+ pass through (in order) to get into filtrate?

A
  1. Na+/K+ pump
  2. K+ leakage channel

(opposite of Na+)

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11
Q

What does aldosterone do to principal cells and how??

A

Increases Na+/ water reabsorption and K+ secretionby adding new pumps and channels into membrane

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12
Q

What does ADH do to principal cells and how?

A

Inceases water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins into apical membrane

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13
Q

Function of intercalated cells in the collecting duct?

A

regulates pH of body fluids by secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-

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14
Q

What is needed in intercalated discs to secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO3- and what does it make?

A

CO2 and water

*they bond together to make carbonic anhydrase –> carbonic acid which then dissociates into H+ and HCO3-

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15
Q

What direction does H+ move from intercalated cells?

A

intercalated cells –> filtrate

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16
Q

How does H+ pass through the membrane into filtrate?

A

proton pumps (ATPases)

17
Q

Is urine acidic or basic?

A

ACIDIC

18
Q

How are acidic H+ buffered once it gets into filtrate?

A

bonds with either (HPO4)2- or NH3

19
Q

What does CO2 and water make when bonded together in intercalated cells?

A

carbonic anhydrase –> carbonic acid

20
Q

What direction does bicarbonate (HCO3-) move across intercalated cells?

A

Intercalated cell –> peritubular capillary

21
Q

What must bicarbonate travel through to get to blood?

A

Cl-/HCO3- antiporters

22
Q

What direction does Cl- move across Cl-/HCO3- antiporters?

A

ISF –> intercalated cells

23
Q

What happens to pH when HCO3- enters blood?

A

pH rises

24
Q

What do intercalated cells do when blood pH drops (gets more acidic)?

A
  1. forms more carbonic acid
  2. secretes more H+ into filtrate
  3. exchanges more Cl- for HCO3-
  4. More HCO3- enters blood, raising blood pH
25
Q

Why is it important that intercalated cells control blood pH?

A

Although they are slow at changing blood pH vs. respiratory system, they are they only system that can counter act the acidity of nonvolatile acids like sulfuric acid by excreteing H+ in urine

26
Q

Define diuretics

A

substances that slow the reabsorption of water in blood –> greater urine flow rate

27
Q

What are 3 examples of diretics?

A

Caffeine, Alcohol, meds

28
Q

What does caffeine do urine production?

A

Inhibits Na+ reabsorption

29
Q

What type of water reabsorption process is inhibited due to caffeine?

A

obligatory water reabsorption

30
Q

What does alcohol do to urine production?

A

Inhibits secretion of ADH

31
Q

What type of water reabsorption process is inhibited due to alcohol?

A

facultative water reabsorption

32
Q

What does some prescription meds do to urine production?

A

effects the PCT, loop of Henle or DCT

33
Q

Define micturition

A

urination

34
Q

What type of fibers cause detrusor muscles in the urinary bladder to contract and initiate micturition?

A

parasympathetic fibers

35
Q

What must the internal and external sphincters do for micturition?

A

relax

36
Q

What type of control do we have over the internal and external sphincters?

A

internal - involuntary (smooth muscle)

external - voluntary (skeletal muscle)

37
Q

What brain structure can initiate or delay micturition for a period of time?

A

Cerebral cortex

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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