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Physiology 202 > Unit 3 Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of immunity in the body?

A

Adaptive and innate immunity

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2
Q

Define innate immunity

A

The body’s nonspecific way to fight off foreign invasions

*uses first lines of defense

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3
Q

Define adaptive immunty

A

A more specific way the body fights off foreign invasions

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4
Q

How can you differentiate adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

A
  • Specificity for antigens and tolerance for proteins

- Memory for past antigens

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5
Q

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

A
  1. Cell mediated immunity

2. Antibody mediated immunity

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6
Q

Antibody mediated immunity involves what type of cells?

A

Helper T cell CD4

and

B cells

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7
Q

Antibody mediated immunity involved what type of receptors?

A

T cell receptors and B cell receptors

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8
Q

What type of cells and receptors are involved in cell mediated immunity?

A

Cytotoxic T cell receptors on T cells

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9
Q

What protein presents foreign antigens in antibody mediated immunity?

A

MHC II protein

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10
Q

Antibody mediated immunity defends the body from specific pathogens from where?

A

outside (extracellular)

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11
Q

How is antibody mediated immunity tolerant?

A

By not recognizing self-antigen presented by MHC II proteins, it’s tolerant of our own proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides

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12
Q

What is the specific role of T cell receptors during antibody mediated immunity?

A

Recognition of foreign antigens

  • meaning T cells receptors will always have the foreign antigen on it
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13
Q

What is the specific role of B cell receptors during antibody mediated immunity?

A
  • Presenting MHC II protein
  • binding antigens
  • endocytosis
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14
Q

What type of T helper cell is involved during antibody mediated immunity?

A

Effector Helper T cells (Th* cell)

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15
Q

How is each receptor different?

A

genetic recombination

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16
Q

What part of the receptor connects to the foreign antigen on the TCR

A

variable region

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17
Q

AGAIN, how are B cell receptors tolerant?

A

By NOT binding to SELF-ANTIGEN, BCRs are tolerant of own proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and polysaccharides

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18
Q

What are B cells only specific for

A

foreign antigens bc of selection

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19
Q

Where do B cells originate and mature?

A

Red bone marrow

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20
Q

What condition allows B cells to survive selection?

A

Negative selection to self-proteins

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21
Q

What happens when there is positive selection to B cell’s self-proteins?

A

Death of B cell

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22
Q

Where does the mature B cell go after negative selection to self-proteins?

A

Lymphatic tissue

23
Q

What happens to the B cell with co-stimulation after helper T cell recognizes the antigen?

A

Activation of B cell -> differentiation/ clones of B cells

24
Q

What are the steps of antibody mediated immunity?

A
  1. Antigen presentation by B cell
  2. Antigen recognition by Helper T cell
  3. Activation of B cell (co-stimulation by Th* cell)
  4. Proliferation (copy) and differentiation (child) of B cell
  5. Action
25
Q

How do B cells present their antigen?

A

B cells bind to free antigen in lymph or interstitial fluid and present it

26
Q

How is MHC II presented on B cell?

A

Brought into cell via endocytosis then presented on cell

27
Q

What happens during antigen recognition?

A

Th* cell receptor FITS with MHC II protein receptor on B cell, it’s seen as a FOREIGN VIRUS

28
Q

How are B cells activated?

A

When the Th* cell recognizes a foreign antigen, Helper T cell releases co-stimulators (CYTOKINES) ie. interleukins to activate B cell

29
Q

What happens to activated B cells?

A

Proliferate (clone) - Memory B cell

different - Plasma cells

30
Q

What do Plasma cells do?

A

Secrete antibodies w the exact same antigen on original B cell

31
Q

What happens to effector (plasma) B cells and their antibodies?

A

effector B cells (plasma) do not leave the lymphatic system!!!!!

  • antibodies leave lymphatic system and circulate body
32
Q

What are the floating B* cell antibodies looking for?

A

the same unprocessed antigen

33
Q

What do B* cell antibodies do to the foreign antigen they find?

A

Inactivate it and tag it for destruction

34
Q

What are the different defense mechanisms antibodies use against foreign antigens?

A
  1. Neutralization
  2. Immobilization
  3. Agglutination
  4. Precipitation
  5. Complement fixation
  6. Enhancement of phagocytosis
35
Q

What is neutralization

A

inactivates antigens by blocking its toxins or preventing its attachment to body cells

36
Q

What is immobilization

A

inactivates movement of bacteria by attacking cilia/ flagella

37
Q

What is agglutination and precipitation

A

inactivates antigen by clumping and breaking up antigens

38
Q

What does complement activation do to the antigen?

A

fixes and activates it

39
Q

What is another name for antibodies?

A

immunoglobulins

40
Q

What are antibodies structure made up of?

A

2 parallel protein chains

-Light and Heavy chains

41
Q

What are the light and heavy chains on antibodies?

A

Heavy - single stem part of Y

Light - two branches of Y

42
Q

What is important about the heavy chain?

A

it’s the “constant region”

43
Q

What is important about the light region?

A

It’s the “variable region” where antigens bind to

44
Q

How many classes of antibodies are there and what are they based off of?

A

5, constant regions

45
Q

What are the major types of antibodies/ immunoglobulins?

A

IgG, IgE, IgD, IgM, and IgA

G,A,M,D,E
grandma and mom do everything

46
Q

What immunoglobulin accounts for the most?

A

IgG- 75%

47
Q

What is unique about IgG?

A

it’s the only antibody that crosses the placenta

48
Q

What do all antibodies do?

A

all are passed in breast milk

49
Q

What is antibody titer?

A

a test that measures the amount of antibodies within blood

50
Q

What is the primary response during an antibody titer?

A

IgM and IgG levels have little peaks between 7-10 days after first interacting with the antigen

51
Q

What still remains in the blood after antibody/ immunoglobulin levels go back down?

A

Memory B cells

52
Q

What happens during the secondary response of antibody titer?

A

re-exposure to the same foreign antigen

53
Q

What is the result of the secondary response of antibody titer?

A

IgG increases exponentially a LOT bc memory cells proliferated (copied) after the first exposure

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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