Unit 1 Lecture 5 Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the Autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
What are the characteristics of the sympathetic neurons?
- Preganglionic neurons: short axons release ACh
- Postganglionic neurons: long axons release NE
What are the characteristics of the parasympathetic neurons?
Preganglionic neurons: Long axons release ACh
Postganglionic neurons: short axons release ACh
Where is the sympathetic division found in the body?
Thoracic and lumbar region of the spine
“thoracolumbar”
what structure in the spine contains a group of nerves?
Ganglion
What ganglion in the thoracolumbar spine is home to the sympathetic nervous system?
Superior cervical ganglion, Middle cervical ganglion, and inferior cervical ganglion
Where does sympathetic nerves go to?
Heart
Where in the heart is effected by the sympathetic division?
SA/VA node, and ventricular muscle fibers
Where is the parasympathetic nervous system start in the body?
Brain
What is the major nerve used in the Parasympathetic division?
CN X
Where does the Cranial Nerve X supply?
Heart
What part of the heart is effected by the CN X?
atrial muscle fibers and SA/AV nodes
Define the cardiac cycle
Everything associated with one heartbeat
Define systole
heart contraction
What happens during systole?
ventricular contraction and blood ejection
Define diastole
heart relaxation
What happens during diastole?
ventricular relaxation and blood filling
What is the typical cardiac cycle period at rest?
0.8 seconds at rest
What is another name for heart rate?
“cardiac frequency”
How do you measure heart rate?
w/ ECG
What is the formula for heart rate?
1 beat / Cardiac cycle period in sec X 60 sec/ min
What system controls heart rate?
autonomic nervous system
the effects of the ans on heart rate is called what?
chronotropic effects
What are the 2 ways the ANS can modify heart rate?
- circulating hormones
2. higher brain structures