Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 202 > Unit 2 Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pulmonary ventilation

A

The alternating flow of air into and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of respiratory muscles?

A
  • Inspiratory muscles

- expiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of inspiratory muscles

A

Expand the rib cage during inspiration and drive airflow into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of expiratory muscles

A

Depress the rib cage and force air out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the skeletal portion of the thorax?

A

Thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What bones make up the thoracic cage?

A

Ribs, costal cartilages, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is respiratory mechanics?

A

The study of how the respiratory muscles move the rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the “respiratory pump” refer to?

A

The respiratory muscles, rib cage, pleural membranes, and lung elastic tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 inspiratory muscles?

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. External intercostal muscles
  3. sternocleidomastoid
  4. scalenes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary inspiratory muscle?

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscle?

A

moves ribs UP and OUT -> expanding the rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid

A

elevates the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the scalenes

A

elevates the top two ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 expiratory muscles?

A
  1. internal intercostals
  2. External obliques
  3. internal obliques
  4. transversus abdominis
  5. rectus abdominis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the oblique and ab muscles called

A

abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostals?

A

pull ribs DOWN and IN -> reducing the diameter of the rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the abdominal muscles?

A

Depresses the lower ribs and elevates the diaphragm by increasing abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do both the internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles do?

A

they reduce the thoracic cavity volume to force air out of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Boyle’s gas law

A

*At a constant temperature

The PRESSURE exerted by a gas is INVERSE to the VOLUME of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

Throacic cavity increases in size and volume of lungs expands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles contract during quiet, normal inhalation?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What muscles contract during labored inhalation?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals

AND

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to the pressure during inhalation?

A

Pressure decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens during exhalation

A

thoracic cavity decreases in size and lungs recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What muscles RELAX during quiet, normal exhalation?

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What muscles contract during forceful exhalation?

A

abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens to pressure during exhalation?

A

pressure increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which way do lungs move physically?

A

lung tissue rapidly collapses inward

29
Q

Which way does the chest wall move?

A

springs outward

30
Q

What happens to the recoil forces and respiratory muscles between breaths?

A

recoil forces are equal and respiratory muscles are at rest

31
Q

Define intra-pleural pressure (Pip)

A

the fluid pressure in the pleural cavity which surrounds the lungs

32
Q

Define intra-alveolar pressure (Palv)

A

the air pressure inside the alveoli

33
Q

Which pressure is higher? Intra-pleural or intra-alveolar pressure?

A

Intra-alveolar pressure

34
Q

Define transpulmonary pressure (Ptp)

A

distending pressure exerted on the lungs

35
Q

How do you calculated transpulmonary pressure

A

Alveolar pressure - pleural pressure

Ptp = Palv - Pip

36
Q

What happens to pressure during inspiration and expiration

A

Inspiration: pressure decreases

Expiration: pressure increases

37
Q

What is the Pip, Palv and Ptp at rest?

A

Palv = 760 mmHg

Pip = 756 mmHg

Ptp = 4 mmHg

38
Q

What is the Pip, Palv and Ptp during inhalation?

A

Palv = 758 mmHg

Pip = 754 mmHg

Ptp = 4 mmHg

39
Q

What is the Pip, Palv and Ptp during exhalation?

A

Palv = 762 mmHg

Pip = 756 mmHg

Ptp = 6 mmHg

40
Q

What is the Pip, Palv and Ptp during a tidal breath?

A

Palv = 760 mmHg

Pip = 754 mmHg

Ptp = 6 mmHg

41
Q

Define end-expiratory lung volume

A

The volume of gas that remains in the lungs at the end of expiration

42
Q

What is another name for end-expiratory lung volume?

A

Functional residual capacity

43
Q

what value is the end-expiratory lung volume?

A

2 liters

44
Q

What is the alveolar pressure between breaths?

A

0 mmHg

45
Q

What is the intra-pleual pressure between breaths?

A

< -2

46
Q

What is a spirogram?

A

a tool that measures respiration

47
Q

What is tidal volume

A

the amount of air the moves in and out of your lungs at rest

48
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the amount of air we breath in (above tidal volume) during forced inspiration

49
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

inspiratory reserve + tidal volume = total amount we breath IN

50
Q

What is expiratory reserve

A

the amount of air we breath out below tidal volume

51
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

the amount of air we breath IN AND OUT during labored breathing

52
Q

What is residual volume

A

the amount of air that stays in the lungs that we DO NOT breath out

53
Q

What is functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = total amount of air that could potentially be exhaled

54
Q

what is the total lung capacity

A

the TOTAL amount of air lungs can hold between both inspiration and expiration

55
Q

define lung compliance

A

the ease at which the lungs can be inflated

56
Q

What does emphysema do?

A

increases lung compliance and raises FRC

57
Q

What does fibrosis do?

A

decreases lung compliance and decreases FRC

58
Q

What is dead space?

A

of all the air that is inhaled, the air that remains in the upper respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchi) where no gas exchange occurs is the “dead space”

59
Q

Define pulmonary ventilation

A

a measure of the rate of lung ventiation

60
Q

what is the formula for pulmonary ventilation

A

= tidal volume X breathing frequency (beats/min)

61
Q

Define alveolar ventilation

A

a measure of the rate at which air actually ventilates the alveoli

62
Q

what is the formula for alveolar ventilation?

A

(tidal volume - dead space) X breathing frequency

63
Q

What does a large FRC mean?

A

labored breathing

64
Q

What does a small FRC mean?

A

large fluctuations in O2 and CO2

65
Q

What is the formula for lung compliance?

A

Complience = Change in Volume / Change in Transpulmonary pressure (Ptp)

66
Q

What value is a normal tidal breath?

A

500 mL

67
Q

How many mL of tidal breath reaches alveolar air?

A

350 mL

68
Q

How many mL of tidal breath is left in dead space?

A

150 mL

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions