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Pathophysiology > Unit 15 Practice Quiz > Flashcards

Unit 15 Practice Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The basal lamina, between the epidermis and dermis, is involved in skin disorders that cause:

A

blister formation

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2
Q

Cells that form a network to bind and process antigens in the epidermis are known as:

A

Langerhans cells

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3
Q

The pilosebaceous unit of the skin consists of:

A

sebaceous glands.

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4
Q

The _______ are the skin structures that become inflamed in acne.

A

sebaceous glands

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5
Q

Unlike hair, nails grow:

A

continuously

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6
Q

Lichenification is caused by:

A

repeated scratching

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7
Q

In addition to keratinocytes, the epidermis has _____ cells that protect against damage from ultraviolet radiation.

A

melanocyte

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8
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which is a:

A

skin lubricant

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9
Q

The basement membrane between the epidermis and dermis provides for adhesion and serves as a:

A

selective filter

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10
Q

Pruritus, a symptom common of many skin disorders, is a(an):

A

itching sensation

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11
Q

what could cause prutius that is temporary

A

rashes

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about the structure of the skin is correct?
- Nerve fibers originate in the dermis and terminate in the stratum corneum of the epidermis.
- all five layers of the epidermis lack a blood supply
- The epidermis is composed of connective tissue.
- The dermis is composed of skeletal muscle tissue

A

all five layers of the epidermis lack a blood supply (epidermis is avascular and lacks nerve endings)

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13
Q

What is physiologic basis for albinism?

A

lack of tyrosinase

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14
Q

Which of the following skin disorders is likely to result from the localized lack of melanin production by melanocytes?
- rash
- bullae
- vitiligo
- malsama

A

vitiligo

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15
Q

Due to the increasing dryness of her skin in recent years, a 70-year-old woman has needed to reduce the number of baths that she takes. Which of the following factors has resulted in this age-related change in skin function?

A

changes in sebaceous secretions

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16
Q

Dark skin tone is genetically determined and is primarily the result of:

A

high production of melanin

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17
Q

Which of the following skin lesions is categorized as a type of blister?

A

bulla

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18
Q

A 22-year-old male college student has presented to his campus medical clinic distraught at the emergence of numerous small blisters on the shaft of his penis. On examination, the clinician notes that the lesions are between 2 and 4 mm in diameter and are filled with serous fluid. The clinician would document the presence of:

A

vesicles

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19
Q

Most of the body’s hair follicles are paired with:

A

sebaceous gland

20
Q

Functions of the skin include all of the following EXCEPT:
- a barrier to infection
- temperature regulation
- vitamin A synthesis
- reception of sensations

A

vitamin A synthesis

21
Q

The surface layer of skin:

A

consists of multiple layers of dead, keratinized cells

22
Q

The melanocytes are found in which one of the skin structures?

A

epidermis

23
Q

The skin’s immune function is carried out by the:

A

Langerhan cells

24
Q

The sweat glands and pilomotor muscles are innervated by:

A

sympathetic nervous system

25
Q

The sweat glands and hair follicles receive their blood supply and innervation from the:

A

dermis

26
Q

Pruritus is

A

sensation of itch

27
Q

Continued and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun

A

increases wrinkling and aging of the skin
increases the risk of cancer

28
Q

Ultraviolet radiation exposure produces sunburn through the:

A

release of vasoactive and injurious chemicals from skin cells

29
Q

examples of Tinea disease

A

atheletes foot
ringworm of the scalp
onychomycosis

30
Q

The disintegration of the nail in tinea unguium or onychomycosis is caused by:

A

fungal enzyme that digests keratin

31
Q

Which one of the following is caused by a virus?

A

verrucae or warts

32
Q

Herpes zoster is characterized by:

A

lesions that are restricted to skin areas supplied by a single dorsal root ganglia

33
Q

Herpes zoster

A

produces sharp burning pain over the affected dermatome that can persist for months

34
Q

The virus that causes herpes zoster is the same one that causes:

A

chickenpox in children

35
Q

Acne is a disorder of the:

A

pilosebaceous unit

36
Q

A chronic inflammatory disorder of middle-aged and older adults that is characterized by blushing, dark red erythema on the nose and cheek, and telangiectasia with or without acneiform components is:

A

rosacea

37
Q

Atopic eczema is associated with:

A

a type I hypersensitivity reaction

38
Q

Psoriasis is characterized by:

A

increased epidermal thickening caused by increased epidermal cell turnover

39
Q

Dysplastic nevi:

A
  • are flat slightly raised pigmented plaques with a pebbly appearance and irregular border
  • occur in sun-exposed and covered areas of the body
  • are important because of their capacity to transform to malignant melanoma
40
Q

All of the following are true related to malignant melanoma lesions EXCEPT:
- they occur only in sun-exposed areas of the body
- they are usually slightly raised dark lesions that frequently advance to include mottled shades of red, white, and blue
- they usually have irregular borders and uneven surfaces
- they frequently arise from preexisting nevi or new molelike growths

A

they occur in sun-exposed areas of the body

41
Q

Which of the following are risk factors for malignant melanoma?

A
  • history of thee or more blistering sunburns before 20 years of age
  • family history of malignant melanoma
  • presence of freckling on the upper back
42
Q

Prognosis in malignant melanoma is related to:

A
  • lesion depth thickness
  • anatomic site
  • age
43
Q

Which type of skin cancer does not usually metastasize but exerts its effects through local extension-wide and deep if left untreated?

A

basal cell carcinoma

44
Q

Which one of the following is characterized by the presence of postauricular, subauricular, and cervical lymph node adenopathy?

A

rubella

45
Q

Which one of the following skin disorders seen in elderly persons is considered a premalignant lesion?

A

actinic keratosis

Pathophysiology (44 decks)

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