Chapter 4

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

exact gene

Question 2

genomics

Answer 2

big picture, all genes

Question 3

genes can be affected by

Answer 3

outside environments like nutrition

Question 4

genes affect

Answer 4

further generations

Question 5

nursing role in genetic counseling

Answer 5

collect comprehensive data pertinent to clients health or the situation. utilize a pedigree during the detailed history to help inform the patient and your decision as a care provider

Question 6

GINA

Answer 6

protects genetic information from insurance and job (military is not covered)

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

persons genetic material stored in the base sequence triplet code

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

a persons recognizable physical characteristics, physical or chemical associated with a specific genotype

Question 9

expressivity

Answer 9

mild to severe

Question 10

penetrance

Answer 10

ability of gene to express function

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

genes alike (aa, AA)

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

genes differ (Aa)

Question 13

if you are heterozygous for recessive trait and do not show you are a

Answer 13

carrier

Question 14

if only one copy of a gene you are

Answer 14

hemizygous

Question 15

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 15

refers to combination of DNA molecules that are not found together in nature

Question 16

example of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 16

insulin

Question 17

what compounds are considered to be teratogenic

Answer 17

radiation, chemicals, drugs, infectious agents

Question 18

epigenetics

Answer 18

how genes are influenced by outside forces

Question 19

adverse examples of epigenetics

Answer 19

maternal obesity, stress, drug addiction

Question 20

positive examples of epigenetics

Answer 20

ASA & NSAID/ colon cancer; exercise/colon cancer

Question 21

nutrigenomics

Answer 21

study of nutrition on the phenotypic variability

Question 22

big part of neutrigenomics is

Answer 22

folic acid and spina bifida

Question 23

spina bifida

Answer 23

spine outside of body when born

Question 24

neural tube is developed at

Answer 24

4-6 weeks

Question 25

the government fortified ______ with folic acid and decreased spina bifida by 31%

Answer 25

cereal

Question 26

since hispanic women eat different things than white women the US government also fortified __________ with folic acid

Answer 26

corn masa flour

Question 27

pedigree covers ___ generations

Answer 27

3

Question 28

Direct to consumer Genetic testing have a responsibility to offer consumers easy access and/referrals to counseling after someone knows their genetic possibilities why?

Answer 28

because most people do not understand what genetics are and that it is not 100% chance you will get a certain disease and people contemplate suicide over it

Question 29

genes function

Answer 29

directs function of cells, determines appearance and response to environment as well as unit of inheritance

Question 30

expressivity

Answer 30

either you have it or you dont

Question 31

penetrance

Answer 31

if you do have a disease on a scale how severe is it

Question 32

many genes could affect one trait

Answer 32

polygenic

Question 33

both multiple genes and the environment could affect one trait

Answer 33

multifactoral

Question 34

one gene could mask the effect of another

Answer 34

epistasis

Question 35

one gene might depend on another

Answer 35

complementatry

Question 36

two genes together might create a new phenotype

Answer 36

collaborative

Question 37

examples of recombinant DNA

Answer 37

insulin and erythropoietin