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Pathophysiology > Chapter 21-24 > Flashcards

Chapter 21-24 Flashcards

1
Q

blood system incorporates all of the

A

blood cells, their precursors, bone marrow, lymphoid tissues

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2
Q

fluid/dissolved components of blood

A

water, proteins, small molecular substances

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3
Q

cellular elements of blood

A

red blood cells. thrombocytes/platelets, white blood cells

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4
Q

blood does

A

carries the cells that transport gases
aid in body defenses
prevent blood loss

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5
Q

all of the following are cellular components of blood except which one

A

mast cells

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6
Q

albumin makes up ___% of plasma proteins

A

54

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7
Q

albumin contributes

A

to the plasma osmotic pressure and the maintenance of blood volume

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8
Q

albumin serves as a

A

carrier for certain substances

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9
Q

globulins compose __% of plasma protiens

A

38

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10
Q

alpha globulins

A

transport bilirubin and sterioids

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11
Q

beta globulins

A

transport iron and copper

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12
Q

gamma globulins

A

constitute the antibodies of the immune system

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13
Q

fibrinogen makes up __% of plasma protiens

A

7

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14
Q

fibrinogen is converted to ____ in the clotting process

A

fibrin

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15
Q

platelets can also be referred to as

A

megakaryocyte

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16
Q

cytokines

A

regulate blood cells by stimulating proliferation, differentiations, and functional activation

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17
Q

erythropoietin is an example of

A

cytokine

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18
Q

erythropoietin is made in the

A

kidney

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19
Q

colony stimulating factors is an example if

A

cytokines

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20
Q

complete blood count provides information

A

regarding the number of blood cells and their structural and functional characteristics

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21
Q

granulocytes are ____ working

A

fast

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22
Q

neutrophils

A

neutralize bacteria

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23
Q

eosinophils

A

parasites and worms

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24
Q

basophils

A

allergic reactions, release histamine

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25
Q

lymphocytes are _____ working

A

slow

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26
Q

lymphocyte examples

A

B and T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macropahges

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27
Q

B cells create

A

antibodies

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28
Q

T cells

A

control immune response

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29
Q

natural killer cells

A

kill antigenic cells

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30
Q

monocytes/macrophages

A

create inflammatory mediators

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31
Q

WBCs make up __% of total blood flow

A

1

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32
Q

WBC originate in

A

bone marrow

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33
Q

granulocytes are all

A

phagocytic

34
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

nucleaus is in segements

35
Q

segs are

A

segmented nucleus

36
Q

what does it mean to have blasts circulating in the peripheral smear

A

not good, immature, means long term infection

37
Q

bands?

A

immature WBC, nucleus is in a segment

38
Q

what is shift to the left

A

mature blood cells are all used up so the body starts to use immature blood cells, this can cause a normal looking WBC count even though there are no mature WBC

39
Q

marginating pool of WBC can be activated by

A

epinephrine, exercise, stress, corticosteroids

40
Q

basophils are critical for

A

asthma

41
Q

monocytes/macrophages are crucial in

A

chronic inflammation

42
Q

what does a B lymphocyte do

A

create antibodies

43
Q

platelets, monocytes, granular leukocytes, and erythrocytes all come from _____ stem cell

A

myeloid

44
Q

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells all come from _____ stem cells

A

lymphoid stem cells

45
Q

more sexual partners you have the more

A

eosinophils

46
Q

leukopenia is a

A

decrease in leukocytes in blood

47
Q

neutropenia is

A

decreased neutrophils

48
Q

agranulocytosis

A

virtual absence of WBC

49
Q

biggest cause of leukopenia is

A

drug related

50
Q

if a patient with infection becomes confused that is a sign of

A

sepsis

51
Q

infectious mononucleosis comes from

A

epstein barr virus

52
Q

symptoms of infectious mononucleosis

A

prodromal malaise, anorexia, chills, fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy

53
Q

leukemia

A

blood cancer

54
Q

leukemia is a malignant neoplasm of the

A

hematopoietic stem cells

55
Q

leukemias diffuse replacement of bone marrow with

A

unregulated, proliferation, immature neoplastic cells

56
Q

leukemia causes bone pain and risk of fractures why

A

b/c bone marrow is replaced with immature bone cells and also this is a rapid growth so you have bone pressire

57
Q

leukemia causes immune suppression and anemia because

A

the immature bone cells cannot make proper RBC and WBC

58
Q

Hodgkins is caused by

A

unknown

59
Q

Hokgkins is painless progressive

A

enlargement of lymph nodes

60
Q

stages of hodgkins

A

stage A, B and advanced

61
Q

stage A of hodgkins

A

painless and non sympthoms

62
Q

stage B of hodgkins

A

significant weight loss, fevers, pruritus, night sweats

63
Q

pruritus

A

itching

64
Q

advanced stages of hodgkins

A

fatigue, anemia, and other systems are involved

65
Q

nonhodgkins involves the

A

B/T cell origin

66
Q

multiple myeloma affects

A

elderly people

67
Q

main electrolyte present in multiple myeloma is

A

hypercalcemia

68
Q

main symptom of multiple myeloma

A

bone pain

69
Q

GPIIb/IIIa glycoprotein function

A

covers outside of the platelet and allows the platelet to stick with other platelets to form a clot

70
Q

calcium plays a key role in clotting because

A

its involved with almost all clotting factors

71
Q

where does von willebrand factor get synthesised at

A

endothelial cells

72
Q

platelets are made from

A

thrombopoietin

73
Q

vessel spasm is caused by

A

thromboxane A2

74
Q

glycoprotein receptor antagonists are used for

A

MI

75
Q

vit K is required for synthesis of

A

prothrombin, factors VII, IX, X and protein C

76
Q

blood clotting factors are synthesized in the

A

liver

77
Q

plasminogen is converted to plasmin and this digests

A

fibrin strands as well as clotting factors

78
Q

plasminogen

A

breaks up a clot

79
Q

plasminogen activator inhibitor may have a role in

A

DVT and MI

80
Q

example of hypercoagulability is

A

CANCER

81
Q

hyper coagulability can be caused by

A

increased platelet number, platelet aggregation, endothelial damage, increased pro coagulation factors, decreased anticoagulation factors

82
Q

endothelial injury can be caused by

A

atherosclerotic plaques that disturb flow, cause endothelial damage and promote platelet adherence

Pathophysiology (44 decks)

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