Chapter 29 Quiz Flashcards
The function of the mucociliary blanket that lines the conducting airways is to:
remove foreign materials.
Above the glottis that opens and closes for speech, the epiglottis functions to _______ the larynx during swallowing.
cover
In addition to being the site of gas exchange, the lungs also:
contain cells that produce heparin
The lungs ______ vasoactive substances and store surplus blood volume.
inactivate
Bronchial circulation differs from the pulmonary circulation by providing blood for the:
conducting airways.
Bronchial circulation in the lungs provides blood to the
airways
Pulmonary circulation provides the blood for
gas exchange and lung tissue other than the airway tissue.
Intrapulmonary pressure is the gas pressure in the _______, which is unrelated to blood circulation.
airways
Intrapulmonary pressure is the gas pressure in the _______, which is unrelated to blood circulation.
airways
Lung compliance is a measure of the change in ________that occurs with a change in intrapulmonary pressure.
lung volume
Generalized acute hypoxia in lung tissue, when alveolar oxygen levels drop below 60 mm Hg, causes pulmonary:
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels is a compensatory response to generalized lung tissue
hypoxia
Emboli formation causes a localized
hypoxic response
Pulmonary hypertension is the result of
chronic lung tissue hypoxia.
Diffusion of gases in the lung is decreased, as in pulmonary edema or pneumonia, by causing an increase in alveolar:
capillary membrane thickness
A decrease in gas pressure difference will _____ gas exchange
slow
A decrease in gas pressure difference will _____ gas exchange
slow
Increased alveoli size and surface area and shunting will _______ diffusion rate.
increase
Respiratory movement of air that does not participate in alveolar gas exchange is known as alveolar dead space. Dead space increases when alveoli:
air supply exceeds blood flow
The oxyhemoglobin buffer system changes with the metabolic needs of the tissues. When the change causes a shift to the right in the dissociation curve, it is often the result of:
increase tissue metabolism.
When the oxyhemoglobin dissociation shifts to the right it is due to
increased tissue metabolism and a greater need of oxygen by the tissues
The carbon dioxide content in the blood affects the regulation of ventilation through its effect on the ___________ of the brain.
cerebrospinal fluid pH
A patient’s recent history of emphysema has resulted in the functional loss of many alveoli. Which of the following physiologic functions is the primary role of type II alveoli?
Production of surfactant
Which of the following respiratory pressures is always negative in relation to alveolar pressure?
Intrapleural pressure
A respiratory therapist has asked a patient to breathe in as deeply as possible during a pulmonary function test. Inspiration is normally the result of which of the following phenomena
Decreased intrathoracic pressure
According to Poiseuille law, airway resistance would be largest in which of the following?
A bronchiole
According to Poiseuille law, the resistance to flow is ______ related to the fourth power of the radius.
inversely
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is undergoing pulmonary function testing. Which of the following instructions should the technician provide in order to determine the patient’s forced vital capacity (FVC)?
“I’ll ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible.”
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is undergoing pulmonary function testing. Which of the following instructions should the technician provide in order to determine the patient’s forced vital capacity (FVC)?
“I’ll ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible.”
A patient with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia is producing copious secretions that are physically obstructing her airway. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes will result from this condition?
Perfusion without ventilation
Conditions that obstruct the airway typically result in
perfusion without ventilation, or shunting.
Ventilation without perfusion (dead air space) is a consequence of
impaired pulmonary circulation.
Which of the following forms accounts for the greatest percentage of carbon dioxide transport?
Bicarbonate
A patient has experienced a bout of coughing after aspirating some of his secretions. The patient’s coughing was triggered by which of the following?
Signals from receptors in the tracheobronchial wall
