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Pathophysiology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

allostasis

A

a difference between the perceived situation and desired situation causes person to take action
cognitive activation theory of stress

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2
Q

three stages of stress

A

alarm stage
resistance stage
stage of exhaustion

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3
Q

a increase in cortisol causes a decrease in

A

immunity

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4
Q

what is the stress hormone

A

cortisol

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5
Q

cortisol release causes an increase in

A

blood glucose

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6
Q

cortisol release causes a decrease in

A

hormone production
bone formation
red and white blood cell production

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7
Q

cortisol release causes stronger _______ system effect on heart rate

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels

A

glucose provides energy

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9
Q

stressors are the

A

events or environmental agents responsible for initiating the stress response

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10
Q

two factors determine the nature of the stress response

A

properties of the stressor and the conditioning of the person being stressed

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11
Q

locus ceruleus

A

densely populated with neurons that produce NE and is thought to be the centra integrating site for the ANS response

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12
Q

locus cerulean confers what response

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

where is cortisol secreted from

A

adrenal glands

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14
Q

DRF from hypothalamus induces secretion of

A

ACTH from anterior pituitary

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15
Q

ACTH stimulates the

A

adrenal gland to release cortisol

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16
Q

there is a wide variety of other hormones including

A

growth, thyroid, and reproductive that are responsive to stressful situations

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17
Q

ADH

A

increases water retention by the kidneys, produces vasoconstriction of blood vessels, and synergies CRFs capacity to increase the release of ACTH plus RAA

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18
Q

effects of stress on the immune system

A

decreased immune production
decreased thymus activity
changes in the kind go immune cells produced

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19
Q

physiology response to stress

A

laying down and standing up

20
Q

adaptation implies that an individual has successfully created a

A

new balance between the stressor and the ability to deal with it

21
Q

under stress what hormones are inhibited

A

reproductive hormones

22
Q

what plays a significant role in reducing stress related physiologic consequences

A

oxytocin

23
Q

feedback control systems regulate

A

cellular function and integrate the function of the various body systems

24
Q

most control systems operate by

A

negative feedback

25
Q

ex of negative feedback

A

increase in glucose stimulates an increase in insulin which enhances the removal of glucose from the blood

26
Q

body response to stress (by Selye)

A

adrenal enlargement, thyme atrophy, gastric ulcerations

27
Q

Selye made GAS which stands for

A

general systemic reaction
adaptive because the response was in reaction to stress
syndrome because manifestations were coordinated and deponent on each other

28
Q

3 stages of stress

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

29
Q

alarm stage of stress

A

generalized stimulation of SNS and the HPA axis resulting in the release of catecholamines and cortisol

30
Q

resistance stage of stress

A

body selects the most effective and economic channel of defense. cortisol levels decrease

31
Q

exhaustion stage of stress

A

stressor is prolonged or overwhelms the ability of the body to defend itself

32
Q

when cortisol increases so dose

A

Blood GLUCOSE

33
Q

increase in stress decrease in

A

immunity

34
Q

cortisol causes signs and symptoms of

A

chronic stress

35
Q

cortisol alters

A

glucose, fat, protein metabolism

36
Q

cortisol supresses

A

inflammatory and immune responses

37
Q

cortisol has a stronger sympathetic effect on

A

heart rate

38
Q

cortisol decreases nonessential energy using activities like

A

hormone production, bone formation, red and white blood cell production

39
Q

why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels

A

glucose provides energy

40
Q

stressors are the

A

events or environmental agents responsible for initiating stress response, can be endogenous or exogenous

41
Q

stress response is meant to be protective if hyperactive

A

immunosuppression can become a threat to homeostasis

42
Q

RAS modulates

A

mental alertness, ANS and skeletal muscle tone

43
Q

steps to get cortisol

A

hypothalamus > releases CRF > goes to anterior pituitary > releases ACTH > acts on adrenal glands > synthesize and secrete cortisol

44
Q

cortisol is what type of hormone

A

glucocorticoid

45
Q

effects of stress on the immune system

A

decreased immune cell production
decreased thymus activity
changes in the kind of cells produced

Pathophysiology (44 decks)

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