Chapter 7 Flashcards
allostasis
a difference between the perceived situation and desired situation causes person to take action
cognitive activation theory of stress
three stages of stress
alarm stage
resistance stage
stage of exhaustion
a increase in cortisol causes a decrease in
immunity
what is the stress hormone
cortisol
cortisol release causes an increase in
blood glucose
cortisol release causes a decrease in
hormone production
bone formation
red and white blood cell production
cortisol release causes stronger _______ system effect on heart rate
sympathetic
why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels
glucose provides energy
stressors are the
events or environmental agents responsible for initiating the stress response
two factors determine the nature of the stress response
properties of the stressor and the conditioning of the person being stressed
locus ceruleus
densely populated with neurons that produce NE and is thought to be the centra integrating site for the ANS response
locus cerulean confers what response
fight or flight
where is cortisol secreted from
adrenal glands
DRF from hypothalamus induces secretion of
ACTH from anterior pituitary
ACTH stimulates the
adrenal gland to release cortisol
there is a wide variety of other hormones including
growth, thyroid, and reproductive that are responsive to stressful situations
ADH
increases water retention by the kidneys, produces vasoconstriction of blood vessels, and synergies CRFs capacity to increase the release of ACTH plus RAA
effects of stress on the immune system
decreased immune production
decreased thymus activity
changes in the kind go immune cells produced
physiology response to stress
laying down and standing up
adaptation implies that an individual has successfully created a
new balance between the stressor and the ability to deal with it
under stress what hormones are inhibited
reproductive hormones
what plays a significant role in reducing stress related physiologic consequences
oxytocin
feedback control systems regulate
cellular function and integrate the function of the various body systems
most control systems operate by
negative feedback
ex of negative feedback
increase in glucose stimulates an increase in insulin which enhances the removal of glucose from the blood
body response to stress (by Selye)
adrenal enlargement, thyme atrophy, gastric ulcerations
Selye made GAS which stands for
general systemic reaction
adaptive because the response was in reaction to stress
syndrome because manifestations were coordinated and deponent on each other
3 stages of stress
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
alarm stage of stress
generalized stimulation of SNS and the HPA axis resulting in the release of catecholamines and cortisol
resistance stage of stress
body selects the most effective and economic channel of defense. cortisol levels decrease
exhaustion stage of stress
stressor is prolonged or overwhelms the ability of the body to defend itself
when cortisol increases so dose
Blood GLUCOSE
increase in stress decrease in
immunity
cortisol causes signs and symptoms of
chronic stress
cortisol alters
glucose, fat, protein metabolism
cortisol supresses
inflammatory and immune responses
cortisol has a stronger sympathetic effect on
heart rate
cortisol decreases nonessential energy using activities like
hormone production, bone formation, red and white blood cell production
why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels
glucose provides energy
stressors are the
events or environmental agents responsible for initiating stress response, can be endogenous or exogenous
stress response is meant to be protective if hyperactive
immunosuppression can become a threat to homeostasis
RAS modulates
mental alertness, ANS and skeletal muscle tone
steps to get cortisol
hypothalamus > releases CRF > goes to anterior pituitary > releases ACTH > acts on adrenal glands > synthesize and secrete cortisol
cortisol is what type of hormone
glucocorticoid
effects of stress on the immune system
decreased immune cell production
decreased thymus activity
changes in the kind of cells produced
