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Pathophysiology > Chapters 26 & 27 Study Questions > Flashcards

Chapters 26 & 27 Study Questions Flashcards

1
Q

define: Ischemia

A

reduction in flow insufficient to meet oxygen demands of tissue

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2
Q

define: injury

A

reversible

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3
Q

define: infarction

A

irreversible with necrosis

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4
Q

right sided heart failure

A

edema, ascites, liver congestion, GI tract congestion, anorexia, weight loss

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5
Q

edema, ascites, liver congestion, GI tract congestion, anorexia, weight loss

A

right sided heart failure

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6
Q

vasculitides

A

arteries in head; disease of elderly, ophthalmic artery involvement may cause blindness

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7
Q

arteries in head; disease of elderly, ophthalmic artery involvement may cause blindness

A

vasculitides

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8
Q

left sided heart failure

A

cyanosis and hypoxia, decreased tissue perfusion, orthopnea, cough and frothy sputum

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9
Q

cyanosis and hypoxia, decreased tissue perfusion, orthopnea, cough and frothy sputum

A

left sided heart failure

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10
Q

primary hypertension

A

high BP no evidence of other disease; constitutional or lifestyle

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11
Q

high BP no evidence of other disease; constitutional or lifestyle

A

primary hypertension

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12
Q

secondary hypertension

A

may be corrected or cured; high BP caused by another medical condition

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13
Q

may be corrected or cured; high BP caused by another medical condition

A

secondary hypertension

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14
Q

STEMI

A

have to be cautious when evaluating women and diabetes for this because the presentation is often no conventional

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15
Q

have to be cautious when evaluating women and diabetes for this because the presentation is often no conventional

A

STEMI

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16
Q

stable angina

A

pain when the hearts O2 demand increases, no ST elevation

17
Q

pain when the hearts O2 demand increases, no ST elevation

A

stable angina

18
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

one form is hypertrophic where ventricles enlarge. Common cause of death in young athletes

19
Q

one form is hypertrophic where ventricles enlarge. Common cause of death in young athletes

A

cardiomyopathy

20
Q

aneurysms

A

local dilation of blood vessels; may dissect and cause severe pain

21
Q

peripheral artery disease

A

intermitten claudication, smoking and DM are strongest risk factors

22
Q

intermitten claudication, smoking and DM are strongest risk factors

A

peripheral artery disease

23
Q

which is a symptom of heart failure
a. S3 gallop
b. decreased urine output
c. LUQ fullness/pain
d. all of the above
e. a and b

A

A and b. RUQ fullness and pain would be a sign of heart failure not LUQ

24
Q

what criteria are needed to diagnose a STEMI

A

serum cardiac markers (troponin)
EKG/ECG changes
patient history

25
Q

which of the following is not something that would correspond with cardiac tamponade?
A. rapid onset of symptoms
B. Pulsus paradoxus
C. exaggeration of normal decrease in SBP during inspiration
D. possible cause of obstruction shock

A

A. symptoms of cardiac tamponade depend on how quickly the fluid accumulates

26
Q

which of the following is not a compensatory mechanism for heart failure?
a. RAA system
b. frank starling mechanism
c. release of troponin
d. sympathetic nervous system stimulation

A

C. release of troponin would indicate death of heart cells and is not compensatory

27
Q

T/F: the resistance the heart has to pump against is best defined as preload

A

F. that is defining afterload

28
Q

T/F: tachycardia decreases coronary artery filling and cardiac output

A

T

29
Q

T/F: angina may worsen with exposure to cold, exercise, and emotional stress

A

T

30
Q

T/F: nitroglycerin is a vasoconstrictor

A

F. it is a vasodilator

31
Q

T/F: the three parts to virchows triangle are: venous status, vessel wall injury, increased blood coagulability

A

T

32
Q

endothelial dysfunction

A

describes potentially reversible changes in endothelial function that occur in response to environmental stimuli

33
Q

Which facts regarding essential/primary hypertension are TRUE?

A

Accounts for 90-95% of high blood pressure with no evidence of other disease
May lead to stroke
May lead to renal disease

Pathophysiology (44 decks)

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