Chapters 26 & 27 Study Questions Flashcards
define: Ischemia
reduction in flow insufficient to meet oxygen demands of tissue
define: injury
reversible
define: infarction
irreversible with necrosis
right sided heart failure
edema, ascites, liver congestion, GI tract congestion, anorexia, weight loss
edema, ascites, liver congestion, GI tract congestion, anorexia, weight loss
right sided heart failure
vasculitides
arteries in head; disease of elderly, ophthalmic artery involvement may cause blindness
arteries in head; disease of elderly, ophthalmic artery involvement may cause blindness
vasculitides
left sided heart failure
cyanosis and hypoxia, decreased tissue perfusion, orthopnea, cough and frothy sputum
cyanosis and hypoxia, decreased tissue perfusion, orthopnea, cough and frothy sputum
left sided heart failure
primary hypertension
high BP no evidence of other disease; constitutional or lifestyle
high BP no evidence of other disease; constitutional or lifestyle
primary hypertension
secondary hypertension
may be corrected or cured; high BP caused by another medical condition
may be corrected or cured; high BP caused by another medical condition
secondary hypertension
STEMI
have to be cautious when evaluating women and diabetes for this because the presentation is often no conventional
have to be cautious when evaluating women and diabetes for this because the presentation is often no conventional
STEMI
stable angina
pain when the hearts O2 demand increases, no ST elevation
pain when the hearts O2 demand increases, no ST elevation
stable angina
cardiomyopathy
one form is hypertrophic where ventricles enlarge. Common cause of death in young athletes
one form is hypertrophic where ventricles enlarge. Common cause of death in young athletes
cardiomyopathy
aneurysms
local dilation of blood vessels; may dissect and cause severe pain
peripheral artery disease
intermitten claudication, smoking and DM are strongest risk factors
intermitten claudication, smoking and DM are strongest risk factors
peripheral artery disease
which is a symptom of heart failure
a. S3 gallop
b. decreased urine output
c. LUQ fullness/pain
d. all of the above
e. a and b
A and b. RUQ fullness and pain would be a sign of heart failure not LUQ
what criteria are needed to diagnose a STEMI
serum cardiac markers (troponin)
EKG/ECG changes
patient history
which of the following is not something that would correspond with cardiac tamponade?
A. rapid onset of symptoms
B. Pulsus paradoxus
C. exaggeration of normal decrease in SBP during inspiration
D. possible cause of obstruction shock
A. symptoms of cardiac tamponade depend on how quickly the fluid accumulates
which of the following is not a compensatory mechanism for heart failure?
a. RAA system
b. frank starling mechanism
c. release of troponin
d. sympathetic nervous system stimulation
C. release of troponin would indicate death of heart cells and is not compensatory
T/F: the resistance the heart has to pump against is best defined as preload
F. that is defining afterload
T/F: tachycardia decreases coronary artery filling and cardiac output
T
T/F: angina may worsen with exposure to cold, exercise, and emotional stress
T
T/F: nitroglycerin is a vasoconstrictor
F. it is a vasodilator
T/F: the three parts to virchows triangle are: venous status, vessel wall injury, increased blood coagulability
T
endothelial dysfunction
describes potentially reversible changes in endothelial function that occur in response to environmental stimuli
Which facts regarding essential/primary hypertension are TRUE?
Accounts for 90-95% of high blood pressure with no evidence of other disease
May lead to stroke
May lead to renal disease
