Chapters 10-12 Quiz Flashcards
Microflora serve a useful function for their host. These include:
Aiding in the digestion of food
Producing vitamins such as vitamin K
Protecting host from colonization with pathogenic microbes
All of the above
All of the above
A prion is:
host protein lacking a genome that causes neurodegenerative disease
The immune system consists of:
the bone marrow, thymus gland, lymphoid organs, spleen, and T and B lymphocytes
What are the self components that the immune system uses to distinguish self from nonself?
Major histocompatibility molecules
Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are found on:
all nucleated cells of the body-allows them to alert immune system of any changes
Which cells in the body are activated to engulf and digest foreign particles and are involved early in the host response to ensure amplification of inflammation and initiation of specific immunity?
Macrophages
Differentiation of T lymphocytes occurs in the:
thymus
Which type of lymphocyte participates in the development of humoral immunity through the production of antibodies?
B lymphocytes
Clusters of differentiation (CD) are:
surface proteins that used as recognition markers for the various types of T and B cells
Cytokines can be described as:
intercellular protein messenger molecules that regulate the movement, proliferation, and differentiation of immune and other cells
The immunoglobulins are produced by
B cells
Which one of the following classes of immunoglobulins cross the placenta? Hint this immunoglobulin Goes across the placenta.
IgG
The most abundant humorally circulating immunoglobulin is
IgG
Which one of the following types of immunoglobulins is involved in allergic and hypersensitivity responses?
IgE
Which cell in the immune system is considered the the master switch ?
CD4+ helper T cells
Which immunoglobulins protect newborns by passing through the placenta?
IgG
Which immunoglobulins protect moist mucous membranes in the body as a first line of defense against infection? Rationale for breast feeding.
IgA
Which one of the following is an example of active immunity?
Protection against infections that is passed from mother to infant through the placenta
Protection afforded by flu vaccine
Protection afforded against hepatitis by an injection of pooled gamma globulin
Protection afforded to an infant from a motherâ s breast milk
Protection afforded by flu vaccine
The complement system could best be described as a system of:
inactive circulating precursor proteins that function as a mediator of both innate and adaptive immunity: produces inflammation and increases phagocytosis
Which cells differentiate to form antibody-producing plasma cells and cell-mediated immunity cells?
lymphocytes
The mediators involved in allergic responses are released from:
mast cells or basophils
Type I (atopic) hypersensitivity immune responses include:
hay fever and bronchial asthma
Autoimmune diseases have the following characteristics:
disorders in MHC
superantigens
molecular mimicry
heredity and gender play a key role
All of the above are related to autoimmune diseases
all of the above
The cell surface antigen that determines whether transplanted tissue is recognized as foreign are the MHC antigens. These are specifically called
Human leukocytes antigens(HLA)
AIDS is caused by the:
human immunodeficiency virus
Which statement regarding HIV/AIDS is INCORRECT?
Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected
HIV infected person can transmit the virus even when no symptoms are present and the antibody test is negative.
Risk of transmission during transfusions has virtually been eliminated
Occupational HIV infections among health care workers are common
Occupational HIV infections among health care workers are common (they are actually very low)
HIV is spread through:
blood, sexual contact, maternal-placental circulation, and breast milk
The HIV virus directly infects the:
CD4+ lymphocytes
HIV is transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT:
mucous membrane contact with HIV in semen
blood transfusions (prior to 1985) containing HIV
mucous membrane exposure to vaginal or cervical secretions of someone infected by HIV
insect vectors in crowded living conditions in which people have HIV
insect vectors in crowded living conditions in which people have HIV
HIV is NOT transmitted from an infected mother to her baby by:
genetic transmission at conception
Opportunistic infections are:
infections involving usually harmless microorganisms that develop in persons with compromised immune function
The acute primary infection or primary phase of HIV:
is a mononucleosis-like syndrome with fever, myalgias, malaise, sore throat, nausea, lymphadenopathy, night sweats, and rash.
When the immune system reaches a point of being severely compromised by HIV:
opportunistic infections occur
malignancies appear
persons with a history of a positive tuberculin test are likely to develop tuberculosis
all of the above
all of the above
Virulence factors are substances or products generated by infectious agents that enhance their ability to cause disease. Endotoxins are complex molecules found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for:
Activation of regulatory systems that may induce hypotension, fever, bleeding
T and B lymphocytes have all of the following properties EXCEPT:
automaticity
The lymph nodes:
assist in removing foreign materials from the lymph channels and are centers for immune cell proliferation
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect:
the presence of HIV DNA
The development of memory loss, difficulty concentrating, euphoria, and lethargy suggests:
AIDS dementia complex(ADC)
Adaptive or specific immune mechanisms include protection afforded by:
cell-mediated immunity
The immune responses related to T lymphocyte function (activation of other T and B cells, control of viral infections, rejection of foreign tissue grafts, delayed hypersensitivity reactions) are called:
cellular immunity
The absence of an immune response directed against a personâ s own antigens is called:
anergy
The window period of HIV infection refers to the period of time between:
infection and detectable antibody levels
