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Pathophysiology > Chapters 10-12 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapters 10-12 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Microflora serve a useful function for their host. These include:
Aiding in the digestion of food
Producing vitamins such as vitamin K
Protecting host from colonization with pathogenic microbes
All of the above

A

All of the above

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2
Q

A prion is:

A

host protein lacking a genome that causes neurodegenerative disease

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3
Q

The immune system consists of:

A

the bone marrow, thymus gland, lymphoid organs, spleen, and T and B lymphocytes

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4
Q

What are the self components that the immune system uses to distinguish self from nonself?

A

Major histocompatibility molecules

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5
Q

Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are found on:

A

all nucleated cells of the body-allows them to alert immune system of any changes

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6
Q

Which cells in the body are activated to engulf and digest foreign particles and are involved early in the host response to ensure amplification of inflammation and initiation of specific immunity?

A

Macrophages

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7
Q

Differentiation of T lymphocytes occurs in the:

A

thymus

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8
Q

Which type of lymphocyte participates in the development of humoral immunity through the production of antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes

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9
Q

Clusters of differentiation (CD) are:

A

surface proteins that used as recognition markers for the various types of T and B cells

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10
Q

Cytokines can be described as:

A

intercellular protein messenger molecules that regulate the movement, proliferation, and differentiation of immune and other cells

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11
Q

The immunoglobulins are produced by

A

B cells

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12
Q

Which one of the following classes of immunoglobulins cross the placenta? Hint this immunoglobulin Goes across the placenta.

A

IgG

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13
Q

The most abundant humorally circulating immunoglobulin is

A

IgG

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14
Q

Which one of the following types of immunoglobulins is involved in allergic and hypersensitivity responses?

A

IgE

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15
Q

Which cell in the immune system is considered the the master switch ?

A

CD4+ helper T cells

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16
Q

Which immunoglobulins protect newborns by passing through the placenta?

A

IgG

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17
Q

Which immunoglobulins protect moist mucous membranes in the body as a first line of defense against infection? Rationale for breast feeding.

A

IgA

18
Q

Which one of the following is an example of active immunity?
Protection against infections that is passed from mother to infant through the placenta
Protection afforded by flu vaccine
Protection afforded against hepatitis by an injection of pooled gamma globulin
Protection afforded to an infant from a motherâ s breast milk

A

Protection afforded by flu vaccine

19
Q

The complement system could best be described as a system of:

A

inactive circulating precursor proteins that function as a mediator of both innate and adaptive immunity: produces inflammation and increases phagocytosis

20
Q

Which cells differentiate to form antibody-producing plasma cells and cell-mediated immunity cells?

A

lymphocytes

21
Q

The mediators involved in allergic responses are released from:

A

mast cells or basophils

22
Q

Type I (atopic) hypersensitivity immune responses include:

A

hay fever and bronchial asthma

23
Q

Autoimmune diseases have the following characteristics:
disorders in MHC
superantigens
molecular mimicry
heredity and gender play a key role
All of the above are related to autoimmune diseases

A

all of the above

24
Q

The cell surface antigen that determines whether transplanted tissue is recognized as foreign are the MHC antigens. These are specifically called

A

Human leukocytes antigens(HLA)

25
Q

AIDS is caused by the:

A

human immunodeficiency virus

26
Q

Which statement regarding HIV/AIDS is INCORRECT?
Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected
HIV infected person can transmit the virus even when no symptoms are present and the antibody test is negative.
Risk of transmission during transfusions has virtually been eliminated
Occupational HIV infections among health care workers are common

A

Occupational HIV infections among health care workers are common (they are actually very low)

27
Q

HIV is spread through:

A

blood, sexual contact, maternal-placental circulation, and breast milk

28
Q

The HIV virus directly infects the:

A

CD4+ lymphocytes

29
Q

HIV is transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT:
mucous membrane contact with HIV in semen
blood transfusions (prior to 1985) containing HIV
mucous membrane exposure to vaginal or cervical secretions of someone infected by HIV
insect vectors in crowded living conditions in which people have HIV

A

insect vectors in crowded living conditions in which people have HIV

30
Q

HIV is NOT transmitted from an infected mother to her baby by:

A

genetic transmission at conception

31
Q

Opportunistic infections are:

A

infections involving usually harmless microorganisms that develop in persons with compromised immune function

32
Q

The acute primary infection or primary phase of HIV:

A

is a mononucleosis-like syndrome with fever, myalgias, malaise, sore throat, nausea, lymphadenopathy, night sweats, and rash.

33
Q

When the immune system reaches a point of being severely compromised by HIV:
opportunistic infections occur
malignancies appear
persons with a history of a positive tuberculin test are likely to develop tuberculosis
all of the above

A

all of the above

34
Q

Virulence factors are substances or products generated by infectious agents that enhance their ability to cause disease. Endotoxins are complex molecules found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for:

A

Activation of regulatory systems that may induce hypotension, fever, bleeding

35
Q

T and B lymphocytes have all of the following properties EXCEPT:

A

automaticity

36
Q

The lymph nodes:

A

assist in removing foreign materials from the lymph channels and are centers for immune cell proliferation

37
Q

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect:

A

the presence of HIV DNA

38
Q

The development of memory loss, difficulty concentrating, euphoria, and lethargy suggests:

A

AIDS dementia complex(ADC)

39
Q

Adaptive or specific immune mechanisms include protection afforded by:

A

cell-mediated immunity

40
Q

The immune responses related to T lymphocyte function (activation of other T and B cells, control of viral infections, rejection of foreign tissue grafts, delayed hypersensitivity reactions) are called:

A

cellular immunity

41
Q

The absence of an immune response directed against a personâ s own antigens is called:

A

anergy

42
Q

The window period of HIV infection refers to the period of time between:

A

infection and detectable antibody levels

Pathophysiology (44 decks)

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