Chapter 6 Study Questions Flashcards
Neoplasm/Neoplasia
Stem Cells
Cell proliferation
apoptosis
cell differentiation
benign tumor of bone tissue
osteoma
one differentiation between benign tumors and malignant tumors
malignant tumors liberate enzymes and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and normal tissue
ways cancer can spread
direct invasion and extension, seeing cancer cells in body cavities, metastatic spread
most common sites for hematogenous spread
liver and lungs
what is the name of the tumor suppressor gene that is know as the ‘guardian of the genome’
P53
what is a photo-oncogene
normal gene used to code for normal proteins in cell division
T or F: in well differentiated cells you can tell the difference between a lung and kidney
T
T or F: when a cell mutates it becomes malignant
F. Benign tumors also mutate
T or F: local effects of tumor growth may include: bleeding, compression of blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, hollow organs and weight loss
F. weight loss mat be a clinical manifestation of cancer but is not a local effect of tumor growth
cancer cells can cause paraneoplastic syndrome such as DVT, ADH, ACTH, PTH
T
a tumor classified as T2N0M1 is a tumor of medium size with no evidence of regional node metastasis and has distant metastasis
T
tumor markers are antigens on the inside of the tumor cells or substances released from normal cells in response to the presence of a tumor
F. Tumor markers are on the outside of the cell
_______ is the tumor marker used to help identify prostate cancer
PSA
_______ tumors usually cause a reduction in the amount of hormones produced by the affected organs because they may cause organ damage, inflammation and organ failure
malignant
the step in oncogenesis where mutated cells are stimulated to divide is
promotion
the three steps in oncogenesis are called
initiation, promotion, and progression
cells divide only when they are told to do so by
growth factor
the term _______ is used to describe the loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue
anaplasia
