Chapter 6 Study Questions

Question 1

Neoplasm/Neoplasia

Question 2

Stem Cells

Question 3

Cell proliferation

Question 4

apoptosis

Question 5

cell differentiation

Question 6

benign tumor of bone tissue

Answer 6

osteoma

Question 7

one differentiation between benign tumors and malignant tumors

Answer 7

malignant tumors liberate enzymes and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and normal tissue

Question 8

ways cancer can spread

Answer 8

direct invasion and extension, seeing cancer cells in body cavities, metastatic spread

Question 9

most common sites for hematogenous spread

Answer 9

liver and lungs

Question 10

what is the name of the tumor suppressor gene that is know as the ‘guardian of the genome’

Answer 10

P53

Question 11

what is a photo-oncogene

Answer 11

normal gene used to code for normal proteins in cell division

Question 12

T or F: in well differentiated cells you can tell the difference between a lung and kidney

Answer 12

T

Question 13

T or F: when a cell mutates it becomes malignant

Answer 13

F. Benign tumors also mutate

Question 14

T or F: local effects of tumor growth may include: bleeding, compression of blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, hollow organs and weight loss

Answer 14

F. weight loss mat be a clinical manifestation of cancer but is not a local effect of tumor growth

Question 15

cancer cells can cause paraneoplastic syndrome such as DVT, ADH, ACTH, PTH

Answer 15

T

Question 16

a tumor classified as T2N0M1 is a tumor of medium size with no evidence of regional node metastasis and has distant metastasis

Answer 16

T

Question 17

tumor markers are antigens on the inside of the tumor cells or substances released from normal cells in response to the presence of a tumor

Answer 17

F. Tumor markers are on the outside of the cell

Question 18

_______ is the tumor marker used to help identify prostate cancer

Answer 18

PSA

Question 19

_______ tumors usually cause a reduction in the amount of hormones produced by the affected organs because they may cause organ damage, inflammation and organ failure

Answer 19

malignant

Question 20

the step in oncogenesis where mutated cells are stimulated to divide is

Answer 20

promotion

Question 21

the three steps in oncogenesis are called

Answer 21

initiation, promotion, and progression

Question 22

cells divide only when they are told to do so by

Answer 22

growth factor

Question 23

the term _______ is used to describe the loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue

Answer 23

anaplasia