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Anatomy > The Peritoneum and Upper Abdomen Viscera > Flashcards

The Peritoneum and Upper Abdomen Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

of or relating to the viscera

A

splanchnic

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2
Q

assoc. with the liver

A

hepatic

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3
Q

assoc. with the gall bladder

A

cystic

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4
Q

assoc. with pancreas

A

pancreatic

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5
Q

assoc. with the spleen

A

splenic

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6
Q

assoc. with the stomach

A

gastric

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7
Q

assoc. with the colon

A

colic

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8
Q

assoc. with the rectum

A

recto

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9
Q

assoc. with the diaphragm

A

phrenic

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10
Q

thin, translucent serous membrane

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

peritoneum that lines the inner abdominal wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

peritoneum that covers organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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13
Q

organs behind the peritoneum are ____

A

retroperitoneal

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14
Q

____ tend to travel between the peritoneal layers, in the mesenteries

A

vessels

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15
Q

the ___ and ____ are intraperitoneal and are completely covered by visceral peritoneum

A

spleen; stomach

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16
Q

two peritoneal layers coming together form a _____

A

mesentery

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17
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

right kidney, left kidney, inferior vena cava, aorta, portions of the duodenum and pancreas, bladder

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18
Q

all visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes

A

peritoneal sac

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19
Q

a potential space within the sac; contains only a small amount of serous fluid; allows organs to move freely without friction

A

peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

the peritoneal cavity potential space can become an actual space and may contain up to several liters of fluid (_____)

A

ascites

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21
Q

disease, injury, or infection can lead to ____ of fluids (____, ____, ____, or ____)

A

pooling; blood, bile, pus, feces

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22
Q

_____ enclose and fold around the viscera

A

peritoneal membranes

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23
Q

make up the portal triad

A

hepatic artery proper, bile duct, portal vein

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24
Q

examples of double layers of peritoneum

A

lesser omentum, gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament

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25
Q

folds of peritoneum form segregated spaces or sacs, for example:

A

omental bursa, omental foramen, greater sac

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26
Q

double layered peritoneal fold that attaches to greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon; drapes over small intestines like an “apron”

A

greater omentum

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27
Q

the apron portion or largest portion of greater omentum is the _____ (4 layers of peritoneum)

A

gastrocolic ligament

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28
Q

3 ligaments that make up the greater omentum

A

gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, and gastrophrenic ligament (to diaphragm)

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29
Q

functionally, greater omentum can wall off ____ and ____ sites; results in formation of ____ which can lead to ____ of intestines

A

infections; inflammation; adhesions; strangulation

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30
Q

all components of greater omentum are derivatives of _____

A

dorsal mesentery

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31
Q

attaches to lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum; 2 portions connect these structures to the liver

A

lesser omentum

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32
Q

connects liver to the stomach

A

hepatogastric ligament

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33
Q

connects the liver to the duodenum and contains the portal triad

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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34
Q

all components of the lesser omentum are derivatives from the _____

A

ventral mesenteries

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35
Q

anchors most of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery proper

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36
Q

the mesentery proper runs diagonally from _____ to the _____, a distance 15-20 cm in adults

A

duodenojejunal junction; ileocecal junction

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37
Q

duodenum is anchored by _____

A

suspensory ligament of Treitz

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38
Q

fibromuscular ligament that descends from the right crus of the diaphragm

A

suspensory ligament of Treitz

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39
Q

the suspensory ligament of Treitz crosses over the left crus and holds ____ in place; prevents _____ from sagging

A

distal duodenum; duodenojejunal junction

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40
Q

anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesocolon

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41
Q

____ and ____ colon have no mesentery and are attached directly to the posterior wall

A

ascending; descending

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42
Q

the transverse colon is anchored by the _____

A

transverse mesocolon

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43
Q

the sigmoid colon is anchored by the _____; ____ only partially covered by peritoneum

A

sigmoid mesocolon; rectum

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44
Q

divides the liver into right and left lobes

A

falciform ligament

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45
Q

falciform ligament anchors the liver to the ____ and _____

A

diaphragm; anterior body wall

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46
Q

the _____ is at the inferior border of the liver and contains the _____

A

round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatis); obliterated umbilical vein (vein that carried oxygenated blood to fetus)

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47
Q

reflections of peritoneum around the bare area of the liver; attach liver to inferior surface of diaphragm

A

coronary ligament

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48
Q

the bare area is in ____ liver; bare area went through ____ in fetus

A

upper posterior; septum transversum

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49
Q

infraumbilical peritoneal folds (single layered peritoneal folds)

A
  • median umbilical fold
  • medial umbilical fold (2)
  • lateral umbilical folds (2)
50
Q

median umbilical fold from ____ to ____; covers _____ and is the fetal ____

A

urinary bladder; umbilicus; median umbilical ligament; urachus

51
Q

the medial umbilical folds cover the _____ or occluded portions of _____

A

medial umbilical ligaments; umbilical arteries

52
Q

lateral umbilical folds cover _____

A

inferior epigastric vessels

53
Q

The fossae between the medial and the lateral umbilical folds; contains inguinal triangles (hesselbach’s); potential sites for ____

A

medial inguinal fossae; direct inguinal hernias

54
Q

fossae lateral to the lateral umbilical folds, including the deep inguinal rings; potential site for ____

A

lateral inguinal fossae; indirect inguinal hernia

55
Q

the infraumbilical peritoneal folds are located on the ____ side of the rectus sheath

A

posterior

56
Q

2 types of peritoneal pouches

A
  • hepatorenal pouch

- rectovesical or rectouterine pouch

57
Q

hepatorenal pouch or pouch of morrison is bounded by the ____, ____, ____, and ____; it is the lowest/deepest part of peritoneal cavity when recumbent

A

liver; right kidney; colon; duodenum

58
Q

fluids from hepatorenal pouch may move down to rectovesical/rectouterine pouch when ___ or ____

A

reclining; sitting up

59
Q

fluids in the rectovesical/rectouterine pouch may move up to hepatorenal pouch when in _____ position

A

tredelenburg (when head is lower than the feet)

60
Q

detoxifies chemical products and produces bile

A

liver

61
Q

stores bile for emulsification of fats

A

gallbladder

62
Q

produces enzymes for digestion

A

pancreas

63
Q

produces lymphocytes and filters blood

A

spleen

64
Q

stores food prior to entering duodenum

A

stomach

65
Q

primary site for chemical digestion

A

small intestine

66
Q

secondary site for chemical digestion

A

large intestine

67
Q

filter waste products out of the blood

A

kidneys

68
Q

cortices produce steroid hormones & medullas act as sympathetic ganglia (release Epinephrine & NE)

A

adrenal glands

69
Q

lobes of the liver

A

right, left, caudate (superior), and quadrate (inferior)

70
Q

viscera the liver contacts

A

Gallbladder, stomach, duodenum, colon, and right kidney

71
Q

entrance for portal triad found inferiorly, near the quadrate lobe

A

porta hepatis

72
Q

____ over the right lobe anteriorly (on liver)

A

coronary ligament

73
Q

_____ over left lobe of liver

A

left triangular ligament

74
Q

attached to inferior surface of liver- with fundus, body and neck

A

gall bladder

75
Q

the gall bladder contacts the ___, ___, and ____

A

duodenum; colon; anterior abdominal wall

76
Q

body of the gallbladder is in the ____ on the liver; GB receives, stores, and concentrates bile from the liver; bile drains into the duodenum through the ____ and _____

A

cystic fossa; cystic duct; common bile duct

77
Q

body of the gall bladder is in the fossa, which may be against the _____ and the superior part of the ____

A

transverse colon; duodenum

78
Q

____ form the spiral fold on the neck of the GB

A

mucosal folds

79
Q

the arterial supply to the GB is the _____ from the right hepatic artery, which is a branch of the______

A

cystic a. ; hepatic artery proper

80
Q

receive bile from R and L lobes of liver

A

R and L hepatic ducts

81
Q

receives the R and L hepatic ducts

A

common hepatic duct

82
Q

duct connected to the gall bladder

A

cystic duct

83
Q

receives cystic and common hepatic ducts

A

common bile duct

84
Q

the common bile duct joins with the ____ and drains into the descending part of the duodenum at the _____

A

main pancreatic duct; major duodenal papilla

85
Q

the pancreas consists of a ___, ____, ____, and _____

A

head; neck;

86
Q

the pancreas is ____ and ____ across the posterior abdominal wall

A

retroperitoneal; transverse

87
Q

pancreas is surrounded by C-shaped ____ on the right and ____ on the left

A

duodenum; spleen

88
Q

the head of the pancreas sits in the ____

A

duodenal curve

89
Q

area of the spleen where the vessels/innervation are coming and going; also where ducts would be draining from

A

hylum

90
Q

____ drain from the pancreas via 1 or 2 ducts:

A

enzymes; main pancreatic duct or the accessory pancreatic duct

91
Q

enters duodenum at major duodenal papilla

A

main pancreatic duct

92
Q

may enter duodenum as well, about 2 cm superior to major duodenal papilla

A

accessory pancreatic duct

93
Q

accessory pancreatic duct drains through the _____

A

minor duodenal papilla

94
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the spleen contacts the diaphragm along ____

A

ribs 9-11

95
Q

spleen also contacts ___, ___, ____ and ____

A

stomach; left kidney; pancreas; colon

96
Q

spleen is connected to the greater curvature of the stomach by the _____ which contains the ____ and ____ vessels

A

gastrosplenic ligament; short gastric; gastro-omental vessels

97
Q

the spleen is connected to the left kidney by the _____ which contains the _____

A

splenorenal ligament; splenic vessels

98
Q

arterial supply to the spleen is the ____ from the celiac trunk

A

splenic artery

99
Q

1st major branch of abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm

A

celiac trunk

100
Q

celiac trunk supplies ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

liver; GB; esophagus; stomach; pancreas; spleen

101
Q

3 main branches of celiac trunk

A
  • common hepatic
  • L. gastric
  • splenic a.
102
Q

artery that follows the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

left gastric a.

103
Q

biggest branch of celiac trunk that goes posterior to the stomach

A

splenic a.

104
Q

right branch of the celiac trunk that runs toward liver and GB

A

common hepatic a.

105
Q

2 terminal branches of common hepatic a.

A

proper hepatic a. (or hepatic artery proper) and gastroduodenal a.

106
Q

superior branch of common hepatic a. that runs toward liver and medial to bile duct

A

hepatic artery proper

107
Q

hepatic artery proper splits into:

A

R and L hepatic arteries

108
Q

inferior branch of the common hepatic a. that runs toward junction of stomach and duodenum

A

gastroduodenal a.

109
Q

gastroduodenal a. sends _____ to the pancreas/duodenum

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

110
Q

gastroduodenal a. sends _____ to the greater curvature of the stomach

A

R gastroepiploic a. (R gastro-omental a.)

111
Q

superior branch of celiac trunk; runs left toward the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

left gastric a.

112
Q

L. gastric a. supplies ____ and _____

A

stomach; esophagus (via esophageal branches)

113
Q

left branch of celiac trunk; runs toward spleen; supplies pancreas and spleen

A

splenic a.

114
Q

splenic a. sends ____ and _____ to supply greater curvature of the stomach

A

short gastric aa. and left gastroepiploic (left gastro-omental)

115
Q

variations of hepatic arteries: R hepatic a. may arise from ____

A

SMA

116
Q

L hepatic a. may arise from ____

A

L gastric a.

117
Q

both right and left hepatic aa may arise from ____

A

celiac trunk

118
Q

_____ also common

A

accessory R and L hepatic aa.

119
Q

cystic a. usually arises from ____; 75% run posterior to ____, 24% run anterior; 1% are double cystic aa. ; supplies GB and cystic duct

A

R hepatic a. ; common hepatic duct

120
Q

R gastric a. usually arises from _____, but may arise from ____ or _____ aa.

A

proper hepatic a. ; common hepatic or gastroduodenal aa.

121
Q

R gastric a. anastomoses with L gastric a. and supplies ____

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

Anatomy (34 decks)

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