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Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

organization of the abdomen from superficial to deep

A
  • skin
  • superficial fascia (camper’s fascia)\
  • deep fascia (Scarpa’s fascia)
  • external oblique m. (with investing layer of deep fascia)
  • internal oblique m. (with investing layer of deep fascia)
  • transversus abdominis m.
  • transversalis fascia
  • extraperitoneal fat
  • parietal peritoneum
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2
Q

aponeurotic (tendinous) sheath that consists of anterior and posterior layers

A

rectus sheath

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3
Q

rectus sheath envelops _____ and _____ muscles

A

rectus abdominis; pyramidalis

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4
Q

the structure of the rectus sheath is relative to the _____, which is midway between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis

A

arcuate line

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5
Q

superior to the arcuate line, anterior layer:

A

formed by aponeuroses of external oblique m. and 1/2 of internal oblique m.

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6
Q

superior to the arcuate line, posterior layer:

A

formed by aponeuroses of 1/2 internal oblique m. and transversus abdominis m. and transversalis fascia

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7
Q

inferior to the arcuate line, anterior layer:

A

formed by aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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8
Q

inferior to the arcuate line, posterior layer:

A

formed by transversalis fascia

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9
Q

from urinary bladder to umbilicus; covers median umbilical ligament

A

median umbilical fold

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10
Q

covers medial umbilical ligaments; occluded portions of umbilical arteries

A

medial umbilical folds (2)

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11
Q

covers inferior epigastric vessels

A

lateral umbilical folds (2)

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12
Q

branch of femoral artery; supplied region of inguinal ligament

A

circumflex iliac artery

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13
Q

drains to femoral vein; drains region of inguinal ligament

A

circumflex iliac vein

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14
Q

branch of femoral artery; supplies abdomen inferior to umbilicus

A

epigastric artery

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15
Q

drains to femoral vein; drains abdomen inferior to the umbilicus

A

epigastric vein

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16
Q

branch of external iliac; runs between internal oblique and transversus abdominis; supplies inferior lateral abdominal muscles

A

deep circumflex iliac vessels

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17
Q

branch of external iliac; enters posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line; supplies lower rectus abdominis m.; anastomoses with superior epigastric vessels

A

inferior epigastric vessels

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18
Q

branch of internal thoracic (mammary) vessels; enters posterior rectus sheath lateral to sternum; supplies upper rectus abdominis muscle; anastomoses with inferior epigastric vessels

A

superior epigastric vessels

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19
Q

branch of internal thoracic (mammary) vessels; runs along costal cartilages; supplies upper abdominal muscles and diaphragm

A

musculophrenic vessels

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20
Q

nerves of the abdominal wall are ____

A

ventral rami of T7-L1 spinal nerves

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21
Q

_____ supply region above umbilicus

A

T7, T8, and T9

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22
Q

____ supplies the umbilical region

A

T10

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23
Q

_____ supply region below umbilicus

A

T11, T12, and L1

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24
Q

nerves of the abdominal wall run between ____ and ____

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

25
Q

injury to last 3 nerves weakens the muscles in the ____ and predisposes to developing _____

A

inguinal region; direct inguinal hernias

26
Q

inguinal region extends between the ____ and the ____

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS); pubic tubercle

27
Q

inguinal ligament is ____ to the femoral artery and vein

28
Q

femoral artery and vein are called _____ before they pass beneath the inguinal ligament

A

external iliac artery and vein

29
Q

folded inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis; extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle

A

inguinal ligament

30
Q

obliquely set tunnel 3-5 cm long; traverses anterior abdominal wall; runs parallel and superior to inguinal ligament

A

inguinal canal

31
Q

the male inguinal canal contains ____ and its contents as well as the ____

A

spermatic cord; ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

32
Q

contents of spermatic cord

A

vas deferens, testicular nerves and vessels, cremasteric muscle and fascia

33
Q

the female inguinal canal contains _____ (corresponds to the spermatic cord in males) and the _____

A

round ligament of the uterus; ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

34
Q

round ligament of the uterus is a remnant of the _____

A

gubernaculum

35
Q

opening in external oblique aponeurosis; obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle

A

superficial ring of inguinal canal

36
Q

opening in transversalis fascia; subtle piercing just lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

A

deep ring of inguinal canal

37
Q

deep ring is more ___ and ____; superficial ring is more ____ and ____

A

lateral/internal; medial/external

38
Q

connective tissue support for the opening of the superficial ring; medial and lateral to the opening

39
Q

the ____ is where structures enter/exit the inguinal canal from the pelvic cavity

A

deep inguinal ring

40
Q

anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

external oblique aponeurosis

41
Q

posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (fusion of internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses medially)

42
Q

roof of inguinal canal

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (superior)

43
Q

floor of inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament (inferior)

44
Q

outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac

A

abdominal hernia

45
Q

hernial sac composed of 3 layers:

A

peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat, and transversalis fascia

46
Q

90% of hernias occur in ____ region

47
Q

extends through entire inguinal canal; most common type of hernia, more common in males than females

A

indirect inguinal hernia

48
Q

indirect inguinal hernia extends through entire inguinal canal and is ____ to inferior epigastric vessels; commonly enters ____ or ____

A

lateral; scrotum; labia majora

49
Q

indirect inguinal hernia usually from persistent ____ in males; connects peritoneum with descended testis

A

processus vaginalis

50
Q

indirect inguinal hernia referred to as ____ in females

A

canal of Nuck

51
Q

direct inguinal hernia goes through _____ (hesselbach’s)

A

inguinal triangle

52
Q

contents of inguinal triangle

A

inferior epigastric a., rectus abdominis m., and inguinal ligament

53
Q

direct inguinal hernia emerges through _____ by or at superficial ring

A

conjoint tendon

54
Q

direct inguinal hernias are ____ to inferior epigastric vessels, usually do not enter scrotum or labia majora, and are more common in ____

A

medial; males

55
Q

direct inguinal hernias usually associated with _____

A

weakened abdominal wall

56
Q

hernia through femoral ring and canal; medial compartment of sheath; more common in females than males because femoral ring is wider in the female

A

femoral hernia

57
Q

most common type of hernia in females

A

indirect inguinal

58
Q

hernia through umbilical ring; most common in newborns; more common in females and obese individuals

A

umbilical hernia

59
Q

hernia through linea alba; most common in over 40; usually associated with obesity

A

epigastric hernia

Anatomy (34 decks)

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