Pelvis and Pelvic Floor Flashcards
the pelvis is divided into 2 regions by the pelvic brim: ____ and ____
false pelvis or greater pelvis; true pelvis or lesser pelvis
the false pelvis is above the ____; pelvic inlet continuous with abdominal cavity
pelvic brim
the true pelvis is below the pelvic brim; pelvic outlet closed off by ____
muscular pelvic floor
the pelvic cavity is lined in continuum with the ____ of the abdominal cavity; the viscera of the pelvic cavity is ____
peritoneum; retroperitoneal
os coxae made up of ___, ___ and ____
ilium; ischium; pubis
pelvic brim is ___ shaped in females and ___ shaped in males
oval; heart
pubic symphysis is ____ in females and pubic arch is ____ in females
shorter; wider
females have more flared ____ and ____ are farther apart
iliac wings (alae); ischial tuberosities
the ____ is shorter and less curved in females
sacrum
females have ___ to ___ pelvic inlet which is the _____
oval; rounded; superior pelvic aperature
pubic arch in females is wider with subpubic angle ____
> 80
____ in females is oval and ____ is small
obturator foramen; acetabulum
____ is deeper in males and ____ is narrow and deep
greater pelvis; lesser pelvis
pubic arch in males is ___ with a subpubic angle of ____
narrow; < 70
obturator foramen in males is ____ and ____ is large
round; acetabulum
ligaments of the pelvis
- pubic symphysis
- anterior sacroiliac ligament
- posterior sacroiliac ligament
- sacrotuberous ligament
- sacrospinous ligament
- interosseous ligament
- obturator membrane
connects the 2 pubic bones
pubic symphysis
closes off obturator foramen (lower border of obturator canal)
obturator membrane
sacrotuberous ligament extends from ____ to ____; it is the lower border of the ____
ischial tuberosity; sacrum/coccyx; lesser sciatic foramen
the sacrospinous ligament extends from the ____ to the ____; it is the lower boundary of the ____
ischial spine; sacrum/coccyx; greater sciatic foramen
piriformis m. extends from ____ to ____ and passes behind ____
anterior sacrum; greater trochanter; greater sciatic notch
piriformis m. closes off _____
posterior/superior pelvic outlet
obturator internus extends from ____ to ____; it is covered with a thick fascia and attaches to ____ as tendinous arch
obturator foramen; greater trochanter; levator ani
obturator internus m. arises in pelvis to act on ____ and passes through ____; it is innervated by ____
hip joint; lesser sciatic foramen; L5, S1
piriformis m. arises in pelvis to act on ____ and passes through _____; it is innervated by ____
hip joint; greater sciatic foramen; S1, S2
separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum, formed by muscles and fascia
pelvic floor
another name for pelvic floor is ____
pelvic diaphragm
largest components of the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani muscles
2 general muscles of the pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm
- levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis)
- coccygeus
pelvic floor assisted by ____ and _____ muscles
piriformis; obturator internus
diamond shaped region between the thigh with 2 triangles
perineum (with anal triangle or perineum and urogenital triangle of perineum)
urogenital triangle for passage of ____ and ____ systems; made up of ____ or ____
urinary and genital systems
deep transverse perineal muscles; urogenital diaphragm
anal triangle of perineum for passage of ___ and ____; made up of ____ or ____
rectum; anus
pelvic floor muscles or pelvic diaphragm
UG diaphragm is ____ to the pelvic diaphragm and composed of _____
anterior/inferior; deep transverse perineal muscles
UG diaphragm extends between 2 ____ and attaches posteriorly to ____; blends with ____ of urethra and vagina in females
pubic arches; perineal body; sphincter mm.
transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
the ureters cross the ____ vessels and descend into the pelvis; they travel to the ____ aspect of the urinary bladder
external iliac; posterolateral
in females, the ____ crosses the ureter and in males, the ____ crosses the ureter
uterine a. ; ductus deferens
stores urine prior to expulsion through the urethra
urinary bladder
the bladder consists of ____ muscle called the ____
smooth; detrusor urinae
the bladder is covered by ____ and supported by the ____
peritoneum; pelvic floor
female urethra is ___ cm long; pierces the ____ portion of the UG diaphragm between the ___ and ____
3.5-4; anterior; bladder; external urethral orifice
4 parts of the male urethra
- preprostatic
- prostatic
- membranous
- spongy
the rectum is located in the true pelvis superior to the ____; normally constricted by _____
pelvic floor; puborectal sling
U-shaped ____ muscle is responsible for fecal continence
puborectalis
the anal canal emerges in anal triangle ____ to pelvic floor
inferior
anal canal is continuous with rectum at ____ and produces curvature here called the ____
anorectal junction; perineal flexure
anorectal junction is the location of the ____
puborectal sling
primary male reproductive organs; housed in the scrotum
testes
fascial sheath derived from anterior abdominal wall
spermatic cord
spermatic cord extends from ____ into ____
inguinal canal; scrotum
spermatic cord surrounds ____, ___ and ____
vas deferens; testicular vessels; testicular nerves
reproductive glands of males
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
seminal vesicles join with the ____, form the ____, and empty into the ____
vas deferens; ejaculatory ducts; prostatic urethra
prostate gland is a walnut sized gland between the ____ and ____
bladder; UG diaphragm
bulbourethral glands (or Cowper’s glands) are 2 pea sized glands within the _____ that empty into the _____
UG diaphragm; penile urethra
primary female reproductive organs; produces ova and female hormones (1 ovum released per menstrual cycle)
ovaries
ovaries are encapsulated and housed in ____
true pelvis
uterine (Fallopian) tubes are muscular tubes for transport of ____ to ____; they are open channels from ____ to _____
ovum; uterus; peritoneal cavity; uterus
4 parts of the uterine tubes
isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbriae
ovaries + uterine tubes + uterine ligaments = ____
adnexa
the uterus is about __ cm long and may enlarge 20x during pregnancy
7
uterus is usually ____ and at right angle to ____; position changes with ___ and ____
anteverted; vaginal canal; full bladder; pregnancy
inferior neck of the uterus protruding into the vaginal canal
uterine cervix
the cervix opens to the vagina as ____ and uterus as ____
external os; internal os
circular gutter surrounding cervix; deeper posterior than anterior
vaginal fornix
uterine ligament
- suspensory ligament
- broad ligament
- ovarian ligament
- round ligament of the uterus
- mesovarium
suspensory ligament is peritoneum covering ____
ovarian vessels and nerves
broad ligament is peritoneum covering the ___ and ___
uterus; adnexa
ovarian ligament anchors ___ to ____
ovary; uterus
round ligament of uterus is a continuation of _____ that passes through the ____ and fuses with ____
ovarian ligament; inguinal canal; labia majora
posterior extension of the broad ligament
mesovarium
