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Anatomy > Development of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

notochord induces thickening in the overlying ectoderm, forming the _____

A

neural plate

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2
Q

neural folds approach midline and fuse, forming ____ (forms dorsal to the notochord, along midsagittal axis)

A

neural tube

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3
Q

neural tube starts to close at about the ____ level, and progresses cranially and caudally

A

5th somite

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4
Q

cranial neuropore closes about day ___

A

25

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5
Q

caudal neuropore closes about day ___

A

27

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6
Q

_____ is a derivative of the neural crest cells

A

dorsal root ganglion

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7
Q

embryonic ectoderm will form the ____

A

epidermis

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8
Q

the neural tube (neuroectoderm) will form the _____

A

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

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9
Q

the neural canal (neural groove) will from the _____ and _____

A

ventricles of the brain; central canal of spinal cord

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10
Q

the neural crest will form:

A
  • dorsal root/autonomic/CN ganglia
  • bones of face (viscerocranium)
  • melanocytes
  • schwann cells
  • leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater)
  • adrenal medulla cells
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11
Q

the caudal end of the neural tube will form the ____ and the cranial end of the neural tube will form the ____

A

spinal cord; brain

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12
Q

the cells of the neural tube are _____

A

pseudostratified columnar neuroepithelium

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13
Q

the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord

A

the meninges

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14
Q

dura mater embryonic origin

A

mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube

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15
Q

arachnoid mater embryonic origin

A

neural crest

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16
Q

pia mater embryonic origin

A

neural crest

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17
Q

arachnoid mater and pia mater are often called _____ because of their similar embryonic origin

A

leptomeninges

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18
Q

zones from luminal surface of the neural tube to the spinal meninges

A

ventricular zone or neuroepithelial zone –> intermediate zone or mantle zone –> marginal zone

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19
Q

the ____ is where you ahve true neuroblasts and true neurons developing, and will eventually become the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

intermediate or mantle zone

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20
Q

where glial cells are forming; will eventually become the white matter of the brain

A

marginal zone

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21
Q

on the dorsal aspect of the developing spinal cord, ____ develop within the mantle/intermediate layer

A

alar

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22
Q

the neurons within the mantle/intermediate layer have _____ function

A

afferent (sensory)

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23
Q

on ventral aspect of developing spinal cord, ____develop within the mantle/intermediate layer

A

basal

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24
Q

the neurons within the basal plates have ____ function

A

efferent (motor)

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25
Q

the alar plates develop into the ____

A

dorsal sensory horn

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26
Q

the basal plates develop into the _____

A

ventral motor horn

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27
Q

motor nerve fibers collect into _____

A

ventral nerve roots

28
Q

_____ (sensory) originate outside the spinal cord (in the dorsal root ganglion) derived from _____

A

dorsal nerve roots; neural crest cells

29
Q

dorsal nerve root processes grow into _____

A

dorsal horns of the spinal cord

30
Q

distal processes of dorsal roots join ventral nerve roots to form a ____

A

spinal nerve

31
Q

dorsal root fibers of a spinal nerve are ____

A

sensory

32
Q

ventral root fibers of a spinal nerve are ____

A

motor

33
Q

a spinal nerve contains both ____ and ____ fibers

A

sensory; motor

34
Q

where would you perform a spinal tap or epidural?

A

L3

35
Q

originally, embryonic spinal cord is the length of the _____, and spinal nerves exit vertebral column at their correct level of origin

A

vertebral canal

36
Q

the ____ will lengthen faster than ____ so that in the adult, the spinal cord ends _____ vertebrae (______)

A

vertebral column; spinal cord; between L1 and L2; (conus medullaris)

37
Q

brain development has same basic organization as spinal cord: distinct ____ and ____ plates

A

alar; basal

38
Q

higher center in brain means there is accentuation of ____ and regression of _____

A

alar plates; basal plates

39
Q

the brain develops from 3 primary vesicles:

A
  1. forebrain (prosencephalon)
  2. midbrain (mesencephalon)
  3. hindbrain (rhombencephalon
40
Q

from 3 primary vesicles, the brain differentiates into ___ secondary vesicles

A

5

41
Q

the forebrain differentiates into:

A

telecephalon and diencephalon

42
Q

the midbrain differentiates into:

A

mesencephalon

43
Q

the hindbrain differentiates into:

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

44
Q

adult derivatives of the telencephalon

A

walls- cerebral hemispheres

cavities- lateral ventricles

45
Q

adult derivatives of the diencephalon

A

walls- thalami, etc.

cavities- third ventricle

46
Q

adult derivatives of the midbrain

A

walls- midbrain

cavities- aqueduct

47
Q

adult derivatives of the hindbrain

A

walls- medulla

cavities- lower part of fourth ventricle

48
Q

in the myelencephalon, shift of medulla walls changes position of plates so that ____ will become medial to _____

A

basal plates (motor); alar plates (sensory)

49
Q

in the myelencephalon, cells in ____cluster to form 3 bilateral cell columns with _____ nuclei

A

alar plate; afferent (sensory)

50
Q

in the myelencephalon, cell bodies in the ____ cluster to form 3 bilateral cell columns with _____ nuclei

A

basal plate; efferent (motor)

51
Q

in the mesencephalon, the basal plate contains two groups of ____; the marginal layer of basal plate enlarges to form _____

A

motor nuclei; crus cerebri

52
Q

in the mesencephalon, the alar plate (sensory) is initially two ______

A

longitudinal elevations

53
Q

in the mesencephalon, the alar plate divides into ___ and _____

A

superior; inferior colliculi

54
Q

in the diencephalon, there are 3 pairs of swellings in the ____ wall of the ____

A

lateral; third ventricle

55
Q

the caudal part of the roofplate becomes the _____

A

epithalamus

56
Q

in the diencephalon, the alar plates form:

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

57
Q

the telencephalon forms the two _____

A

cerebral hemispheres

58
Q

in the telencephalon, the neural canal forms the two ____

A

lateral ventricles

59
Q

the telencephalon surface grows rapidly to form the lobes as well as _____ (elevations) separated by ____ (deep grooves) and _____(shallow grooves)

A

gyri; fissues; sulci

60
Q

embryonic origin of sympathetic NS

A

all ganglia as well as the sympathetic trunk originate from neural crest cells

61
Q

embryonic origin of parasympathetic NS

A

postganglionic neurons derived from neural crest cells

62
Q

myelinated axons in the PNS have series of ____ lined up along the axon, each having a wrapped coating of myelin insulating axon

A

Schwann cells

63
Q

unmyelinated axons in the PNS are encased by _____; there is no wrapped coating of myelin surrounding axon

A

schwann cell cytoplasm

64
Q

myelination in the PNS involves ____ (derived from neural crest cell

A

schwann cells

65
Q

one schwann cell per one _____ of one axon

A

internodal segment

66
Q

myelination in the CNS involves ____ derived from _____ of the spinal cord

A

oligodendrocytes; neuroepithelial cells

67
Q

one oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to ____

A

50 axons

Anatomy (34 decks)

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