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Anatomy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

“structure;” the science of body structure and the relationships among them; static nature of the body

A

anatomy

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2
Q

anatomy can be approached by ___ or ____

A

regional anatomy; systemic anatomy

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3
Q

all the structures in a particular area of the body are studied together; for example the lower limb

A

regional anatomy

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4
Q

body structure studied system by system independent of the region

A

systemic anatomy

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5
Q

the initial reference point; body is erect (upright); facing forward; feet together and parallel, feet flat on floor; head level; eye facing forward; palms facing forward and thumbs point away from body

A

anatomical position

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6
Q

face down

A

prone

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7
Q

face up

A

supine

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8
Q

two terms that apply to a body lying down

A

prone and supine

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9
Q

two skeletal divisions of the body

A

axial and appendicular

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10
Q

the axial skeleton is made up of…

A

the head, neck, and trunk, i.e. thorax, abdomen and pelvis

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11
Q

appendicular skeleton is made up of…

A

the appendages or limbs

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12
Q

major regions of the body

A
  1. head and neck 2. thorax 3. abdomen and pelvis 4. back 5. upper limb 6. lower limb
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13
Q

describe the position of one body part to another

A

directional terms

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14
Q

toward/nearer the front of the body

A

anterior (ventral)

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15
Q

toward/nearer the back of the body

A

posterior (dorsal)

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16
Q

toward the head end or upper part of a body or structure

A

superior (cranial)

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17
Q

away from the head end or upper part of a body or structure

A

inferior (caudal)

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18
Q

nearer to the midline

A

medial

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19
Q

further from the midline

A

lateral

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20
Q

towards or at the body’s surface

A

superficial

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21
Q

away from the body’s surface

A

deep

22
Q

closer to the origin of the body part; nearer the attachment of the limb to the trunk; attachment point is the shoulder

A

proximal

23
Q

further from the origin of the body part; further from the attachment of the limb to the trunk; attachment point is the hip

A

distal

24
Q

proximal and distal are used to describe structures/regions in the _____

A

extremities

25
Q

human body planes

A

sagittal, frontal/coronal, transverse/horizontal

26
Q

creates right and left halves

A

sagittal plane

27
Q

cuts body into equal right and left halves

A

midsagittal or median plane

28
Q

cuts body into unequal right and left parts

A

parasagittal

29
Q

divides the body (part) into anterior and posterior parts

A

frontal or coronal plane

30
Q

divides the body (part) into superior and inferior parts

A

transverse/horizontal/axial/cross-sectional plane

31
Q

simplest movement; flat surfaces glide or slip over one another; intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of this motion

A

gliding or translation

32
Q

decreases angle in a joint

A

flexion

33
Q

increases angle in a joint

A

extension

34
Q

in anatomical position, all joints are considered to be at ____ degrees

A

180

35
Q

moving away of a limb from the midline or median plane of the body

A

abduction

36
Q

moving a limb towards the midline or median plane of the body

A

adduction

37
Q

moving the limb so that it creates a cone in space; distal end of limb moves in a circle while proximal connection is basically stationary; includes flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in quick succession

A

circumduction

38
Q

turning of a bone around its own long axis

A

rotation

39
Q

rotation towards the midline in a transverse plane

A

medial (internal) rotation

40
Q

rotation away from the midline in a transverse plane

A

lateral (external) rotation

41
Q

brings the superior surface of the foot towards the shin

A

dorsiflexion

42
Q

depresses the foot (pointing of the toes)

A

plantar flexion

43
Q

sole of the foot turns medially

A

inversion

44
Q

sole faces laterally

A

eversion

45
Q

rotating the forearm laterally which places palm anteriorly or superiorly; brings the ulna and radius parallel to each other

A

supination

46
Q

rotating the forearm medially which places the palm posteriorly and inferiorly; moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna, creating a cross

A

pronation

47
Q

nonangular anterior movement in the transverse plane

A

protraction/protrusion

48
Q

posterior movements in the transverse plane

A

retraction/retrusion

49
Q

lifting the body part superiorly

A

elevation

50
Q

moving the elevated part inferiorly

A

depression

51
Q

saddle joint between metacarpal 1 (at thumb) and the carpal bones allows for this; take your thumb and touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand; great for grasping and manipulating objects.

A

opposition

Anatomy (34 decks)

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