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Anatomy > Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Post. Abd. Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Post. Abd. Wall Flashcards

1
Q

____ innervate the diaphragm

A

right and left phrenic nerves

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2
Q

phrenic n. comes from ____ and is found on the anterior surface of the ____; it descends between ____ to enter the thoracic cavity; passes into abdominal cavity with ____

A

cervical nerves (C3, 4, and 5); scalene m. ; subclavian artery and vein; IVC

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3
Q

supplies right and left hemidiaphragms; sole motor innervation to the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves

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4
Q

supplies lateral borders of diaphragm and some sensory

A

intercostal nerves

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5
Q

phrenic nerve is ___ sensory

A

30%

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6
Q

irritation to both the superior and inferior surfaces of the CENTRAL part of the diaphragm is carried by sensory fibers in the ____

A

phrenic n.

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7
Q

irritation to the superior and inferior surfaces of the PERIPHERAL portions of the diaphragm is carried by the _____

A

intercostal nerves

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8
Q

phrenic n. originates from ____ spinal segments, which explains paralysis from ____ (paralysis of diaphragmatic respiration)

A

C3-5; cervical cord injuries

C3-5 spinal segments from somites from mesoderm

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9
Q

paralyzed hemidiaphragm cannot _____

A

contract (descend)

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10
Q

IVC passes through the diaphragm at vertebral level ___ via the ____

A

T8; vena cava foramen

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11
Q

esophagus passes through diaphragm at vert. level ___ via _____

A

T10; esophageal hiatus

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12
Q

aorta passes through diaphragm at vert. level ___ via ____

A

T12; aortic hiatus

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13
Q

arcuate ligaments or lumbocostal arches

A

1 median arcuate ligament
2 medial arcuate ligaments
2 lateral arcuate ligaments

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14
Q

median arcuate ligament arches over ____

A

aorta

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15
Q

2 medial arcuate ligaments arch over ____

A

psoas muscles

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16
Q

2 lateral arcuate ligaments arch over ____

A

quadratus lumborum muscles

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17
Q

vessels of the diaphragm

A
  • pericardiacophrenic & superior phrenic aa.
  • inferior phrenic aa.
  • musculophrenic aa.
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18
Q

pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa. supply the ____ via ____ and _____

A

superior surface of the diaphragm; internal thoracic a; thoracic aorta

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19
Q

inferior phrenic a. supplies the ____ via the _____

A

inferior surface of diaphragm; abdominal aorta

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20
Q

musculophrenia aa. supply the _____ via _____

A

periphery of the diaphragm; internal thoracic arteries

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21
Q

the kidneys are located lateral to the vertebral column at level ____

A

T12-L3

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22
Q

Superior pole of left kidney is at ____ and superior pole of right kidney is at ____

A

11th; 12th rib

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23
Q

kidneys are encapsulated by ____ and ____

A

perirenal fat; renal fascia

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24
Q

the kidneys ascend from the ____ during development

A

pelvis

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25
Q

ectopic pelvic kidney remains ____; horseshoe kidney below _____ and transplanted kidneys are placed in the _____

A

anterior to sacrum; IMA; lower abdomen

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26
Q

perirenal (or perinephric) fat is located _____ and pararenal (or paranephric) fat is located ____

A

inside the renal fascia; outside the renal fascia

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27
Q

anterior most structures at hilums of the kidneys

A

renal veins

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28
Q

renal arteries are between the ___ and ____

A

renal pelvis; renal vein

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29
Q

____ is the most posterior structure at the hilum

A

renal pelvis

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30
Q

____ is shorter because the IVC is positioned on the ____

A

right renal vein shorter than the left renal vein bc IVC is positioned on the right

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31
Q

____ is shorter because the abdominal aorta is positioned on the ____

A

left renal a. shorter than right bc aorta positioned on left

32
Q

left renal vein crosses ___ to abdominal aorta, but ____ is anterior to the left renal vein

A

anterior; SMA

33
Q

outer most layer of the kidney is a ____

A

fibrous capsule

34
Q

outer 1/3 of the kidney

A

renal cortex

35
Q

inner 2/3 of the kidney

A

renal medulla

36
Q

renal medulla contains ____ and ____ between them

A

renal pyramids; renal columns

37
Q

receive apex of renal pyramids

A

renal papillae

38
Q

adjacent to renal papilla is the ____

A

minor calyx

39
Q

major calyces combine at _____

A

renal pelvis

40
Q

right renal artery passes posterior to the ____

A

IVC

41
Q

each renal artery divides into ____ at the hilum

A

segmental aa.

42
Q

vascular supply to the kidneys does not anastomose, so they are called _____

A

end arteries

43
Q

drainage of kidney/urine

A

renal papillae receive urine at tips/apex of pyramids > minor calcyes > major calyces > renal pelvis > ureter > urinary bladder > urethra

44
Q

ureter arteries arise from 3-4 sources:

A
  • renal a.
  • testicular or ovarian aa.
  • abdominal aorta or common iliac a.
  • internal iliac a. (pelvic cavity)
45
Q

allows visualization of ureters and urinary bladder

A

intravenous urogram (IVU)

46
Q

in an IVU, pt is injected with ____; media are excreted by ____ and by _____

A

iodinated contrast medium; glomerular filtration; renal tubules

47
Q

kidney stones or ____ form in the ____ and progress to ____

A

calculi; kidney; renal pelvis

48
Q

kidney stones may spontaneously pass thru ____ to ____; may be subjected to ____ via _____

A

ureter; bladder; ultrasonic crushing; lithotripsy

49
Q

calculi cause _____ as waves of contraction force stone through ureter; ____ pain occurs and is referred with descent of stone

A

referred pain; rhythmic

50
Q

gradually moves _____ toward the groin; from ____ to _____ to ____

A

inferoanteriorly; from the side and back between ribs; to the pelvis to inguinal

51
Q

area of cutaneous innervation from calculi referred pain

A

T11-12

52
Q

the right adrenal or suprarenal gland is roughly ____; lies superior to right kidney and posterior to ____

A

triangular; IVC

53
Q

left adrenal (suprarenal) gland is more ____; lies _____ to the left kidney near the hilum

A

semilunar; superomedial

54
Q

adren (suprarenal) gland have their own _____

A

fibrous capsule

55
Q

outer portion of adrenal gland that produces adrenal steroids

A

adrenal cortex

56
Q

inner portion of adrenal gland that acts as sympathetic ganglion (modified neuronal cells), medullary, or chromaffin cells

A

adrenal medulla

57
Q

adrenal glands are richly vascularized due to ____

A

endocrine function

58
Q

3 sources of suprarenal arteries

A
  1. superior suprarenal arteries (6-8) - come from inferior phrenic aa.
  2. middle suprarenal arteries (1+) - come from abdominal aorta
  3. inferior suprarenal arteries (1+) - come from renal aa.
59
Q

posterior abdominal wall musculature

A 
transversus abdominis m. 
quadratus lumborum m. 
psoas major m.
psoas minor m. 
diaphragm
60
Q

4 pairs of arteries that are branches of the abdominal aorta, superior to bifurcation

A

lumbar aa.

61
Q

the aorta bifurcates at about vertebral level ___ which is about the level of the ____

A

L4; umbilicus

62
Q

nerves of the posterior wall

A

ventral rami T12-L4; lumbar plexus of nn, located beneath fascia of posterior abdominal wall

63
Q

about 1 cm inferior to 12th rib; supplies sensory to anterior/lateral abdominal wall

A

subcostal nerve (T12)

64
Q

subcostal nerve (T12) supplies motor to abdominal mm. :

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, pyramidalis, rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum

65
Q

can arise from common trunk; descend anterior to quadratus lumborum; both supply abdominal muscles

A

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

66
Q

____ supplies skin of suprapubic region

A

iliohypogastric n.

67
Q

____ runs through inguinal canal to supply it

A

ilioinguinal n.

68
Q

pierces psoas major m. and descends along anterior surface

A

genitofemoral n. (L1-L2)

69
Q

genitofemoral n. splits to ____ and ____

A

femoral branch; genital branch

70
Q

genitofemoral n. supplies skin ____ and supplies ____ (of the spermatic cord)

A

inferior and medial to inguinal ligament; cremaster m.

71
Q

descends anterior to iliacus m.; passes deep to the inguinal ring, inferior to ASIS

A

lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-L3)

72
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous n. supplies _____

A

anterior/lateral skin of the thigh

73
Q

runs between iliacus and psoas major mm. ; passes deep to inguinal ligament, inferior to ASIS

A

femoral n. (L2-L4)

74
Q

femoral n. supplies _____

A

sensory and motor to anterior thigh

75
Q

runs medial to psoas major mm.

A

obturator n. (L2-L4)

76
Q

obturator n. passes through ____ and supplies _____

A

obturator foramen; sensory and motor to medial thigh

77
Q

large n. trunk that crosses over ala of sacrum; descends into pelvis to help form sacral plexus; provides general contributions to both plexuses

A

lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)

Anatomy (34 decks)

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