Spine & Back Muscles Flashcards
superficial back muscles anchor the ____ to the ____
upper limb; axial skeleton
intermediate back mm. assist in ____
respiration
deep back mm. maintain ____ and act on _____ (raise and lower spine)
posture; vertebral column
superficial back mm.
levator scapulae
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
rhomboid major & rhomboid minor
action of trapezius
elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula
- middle fibers adduct
- assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal
neurovasculature to trapezius
motor: CN XI - accessory n.
C3, C4 for proprioception
transverse cervical vessels
accessory n. runs deep to trapezius, posteroinferiorly from ____
jugular foramen
ventral rami of C3 and C4 run deep to trapezius, posteriorly from _____
intervertebral foramina
transverse cervical a. and v. run deep to trapezius, posterolaterally from _____
thyrocervical trunk
nerves and vessels of trapezius contribute to ____
subtrapezial plexus
action of latissimus dorsi
adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus
neurovasculature to latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal n. and vessel and intercostal vessels
action of levator scapulae
elevates the scapula
neurovasculature to levator scapulae
C3, C4, and dorsal scapular n. and vessels
action of rhomboid major and minor
retract (adduct) and elevate scapula
neurovas. to rhomboid major and minor
dorsal scapular n. and vessels
intermediate mm. of the back are considered the muscles of ____ and ____
respiration; proprioception
action of splenius capitus
bilaterally- draws head backward and extends neck
individually- rotates head/face ipsilaterally
action of splenius cervicis
bilaterally- extends neck
individually- rotates head/face ipsilaterally
neurovasculature to the splenius capitus & cervicis
posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical nn.
_____ mm. include both splenius mm
spinotransversales
transversospinales mm. include ____
semispinalis (capitus, cervicis and thoracis)
multifidus mm.
rotatores mm. (cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum)
semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis bilateral action
extend vertebral column (like erector spinae group)
semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis individual actions
rotate trunk contralaterally
- capitis rotates head ipsilaterally
the suboccipital mm. extend the head at the _____ joint
atlanto-axial
suboccipital mm. innvervated by ____
C1 (posterior ramus)- motor only
_____ passes through semispinalis capitis m.
greater occipital nerve (C2)
greater occipital n. (C2) is in subQ tissue just inferior/lateral to ____
external occipital protuberance
occipital a. and v. in subQ tissue just lateral to ____
greater occipital n.
3rd occipital n. (C3) lower and just lateral to ____
midline
occipital a. is a branch of the ____
external carotid a.
suboccipital mm. act to extend the head, except ____
obliquus capitis inferior
suboccipital mm. rotate the head ipsilaterally except _____
rectus capitis posterior minor
____, ____ and ____ are visible in the suboccipital triangle
deep cervical v., vertebral a., posterior ramus of C1
A of erector spinae mm.
erect spine (postural mm.); primary extensors of spine and head
N of erector spinae mm.
dorsal rami of spinal nn. and lumbar & intercostal vessels
A of multifidus m.
laterally flexes and rotates spine; individually, rotates trunk contralaterally
N of multifidus m.
dorsal rami of spinal nn. and lumbar vessels
A of rotatores m.
rotates spine; bilaterally extends vertebral column; individually, rotates trunk contralaterally
N of rotatores m.
dorsal rami of spinal nn. and intercostal vessels
between spinous processes; minor extensors of the spine
interspinalis m.
between transverse processes; minor lateral flexors of spine
intertransversarius
from transverse processes to ribs; minor elevators of ribs
levatores costarum
superficial and intermediate mm. of the back innervated by ____
ventral rami
deep mm. of the back innervated by ____
dorsal rami
action of serratus anterior
protracts scapula and holds it to body wall
N of serratus anterior
long thoracic n. and lateral thoracic vessels
triangle of auscultation located ____
between 6th and 7th ribs (6th intercostal space)
boundaries of triangle of auscultation
superior = trapezius m.
inferior = latissimus dorsi m.
lateral = rhomboid major m.
floor (deep) = 6th intercostal space
boundaries of lumbar triangle
medial = latissimus dorsi
lateral = external oblique
inferior = iliac crest
floor (deep) = internal oblique m.
lumbar triangle can become a site of ____
lumbar hernia
