Spine & Back Muscles

Question 1

superficial back muscles anchor the ____ to the ____

Answer 1

upper limb; axial skeleton

Question 2

intermediate back mm. assist in ____

Answer 2

respiration

Question 3

deep back mm. maintain ____ and act on _____ (raise and lower spine)

Answer 3

posture; vertebral column

Question 4

superficial back mm.

Answer 4

levator scapulae
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
rhomboid major & rhomboid minor

Question 5

action of trapezius

Answer 5

elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula

• middle fibers adduct
• assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal

Question 6

neurovasculature to trapezius

Answer 6

motor: CN XI - accessory n.
C3, C4 for proprioception
transverse cervical vessels

Question 7

accessory n. runs deep to trapezius, posteroinferiorly from ____

Answer 7

jugular foramen

Question 8

ventral rami of C3 and C4 run deep to trapezius, posteriorly from _____

Answer 8

intervertebral foramina

Question 9

transverse cervical a. and v. run deep to trapezius, posterolaterally from _____

Answer 9

thyrocervical trunk

Question 10

nerves and vessels of trapezius contribute to ____

Answer 10

subtrapezial plexus

Question 11

action of latissimus dorsi

Answer 11

adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

Question 12

neurovasculature to latissimus dorsi

Answer 12

thoracodorsal n. and vessel and intercostal vessels

Question 13

action of levator scapulae

Answer 13

elevates the scapula

Question 14

neurovasculature to levator scapulae

Answer 14

C3, C4, and dorsal scapular n. and vessels

Question 15

action of rhomboid major and minor

Answer 15

retract (adduct) and elevate scapula

Question 16

neurovas. to rhomboid major and minor

Answer 16

dorsal scapular n. and vessels

Question 17

intermediate mm. of the back are considered the muscles of ____ and ____

Answer 17

respiration; proprioception

Question 18

action of splenius capitus

Answer 18

bilaterally- draws head backward and extends neck

individually- rotates head/face ipsilaterally

Question 19

action of splenius cervicis

Answer 19

bilaterally- extends neck

individually- rotates head/face ipsilaterally

Question 20

neurovasculature to the splenius capitus & cervicis

Answer 20

posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical nn.

Question 21

_____ mm. include both splenius mm

Answer 21

spinotransversales

Question 22

transversospinales mm. include ____

Answer 22

semispinalis (capitus, cervicis and thoracis)
multifidus mm.
rotatores mm. (cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum)

Question 23

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis bilateral action

Answer 23

extend vertebral column (like erector spinae group)

Question 24

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis individual actions

Answer 24

rotate trunk contralaterally

- capitis rotates head ipsilaterally

Question 25

the suboccipital mm. extend the head at the _____ joint

Answer 25

atlanto-axial

Question 26

suboccipital mm. innvervated by ____

Answer 26

C1 (posterior ramus)- motor only

Question 27

_____ passes through semispinalis capitis m.

Answer 27

greater occipital nerve (C2)

Question 28

greater occipital n. (C2) is in subQ tissue just inferior/lateral to ____

Answer 28

external occipital protuberance

Question 29

occipital a. and v. in subQ tissue just lateral to ____

Answer 29

greater occipital n.

Question 30

3rd occipital n. (C3) lower and just lateral to ____

Answer 30

midline

Question 31

occipital a. is a branch of the ____

Answer 31

external carotid a.

Question 32

suboccipital mm. act to extend the head, except ____

Answer 32

obliquus capitis inferior

Question 33

suboccipital mm. rotate the head ipsilaterally except _____

Answer 33

rectus capitis posterior minor

Question 34

____, ____ and ____ are visible in the suboccipital triangle

Answer 34

deep cervical v., vertebral a., posterior ramus of C1

Question 35

A of erector spinae mm.

Answer 35

erect spine (postural mm.); primary extensors of spine and head

Question 36

N of erector spinae mm.

Answer 36

dorsal rami of spinal nn. and lumbar & intercostal vessels

Question 37

A of multifidus m.

Answer 37

laterally flexes and rotates spine; individually, rotates trunk contralaterally

Question 38

N of multifidus m.

Answer 38

dorsal rami of spinal nn. and lumbar vessels

Question 39

A of rotatores m.

Answer 39

rotates spine; bilaterally extends vertebral column; individually, rotates trunk contralaterally

Question 40

N of rotatores m.

Answer 40

dorsal rami of spinal nn. and intercostal vessels

Question 41

between spinous processes; minor extensors of the spine

Answer 41

interspinalis m.

Question 42

between transverse processes; minor lateral flexors of spine

Answer 42

intertransversarius

Question 43

from transverse processes to ribs; minor elevators of ribs

Answer 43

levatores costarum

Question 44

superficial and intermediate mm. of the back innervated by ____

Answer 44

ventral rami

Question 45

deep mm. of the back innervated by ____

Answer 45

dorsal rami

Question 46

action of serratus anterior

Answer 46

protracts scapula and holds it to body wall

Question 47

N of serratus anterior

Answer 47

long thoracic n. and lateral thoracic vessels

Question 48

triangle of auscultation located ____

Answer 48

between 6th and 7th ribs (6th intercostal space)

Question 49

boundaries of triangle of auscultation

Answer 49

superior = trapezius m.
inferior = latissimus dorsi m.
lateral = rhomboid major m.
floor (deep) = 6th intercostal space

Question 50

boundaries of lumbar triangle

Answer 50

medial = latissimus dorsi
lateral = external oblique
inferior = iliac crest
floor (deep) = internal oblique m.

Question 51

lumbar triangle can become a site of ____

Answer 51

lumbar hernia