Development of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

both the urinary and genital systems (urogenital system) develop from common ____ known as ____

A

mesodermal ridge; intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

intermediate mesoderm bulges into intraembryonic coelmic cavity creating the _____

A

urogenital ridge

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3
Q

the urogenital ridge differentiates into:

A
  • nephrogenic cord/ridge (lateral)

- genital ridge (medial)

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4
Q

through lateral folding, the nephrogenic cord becomes ____

A

retroperitoneal

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5
Q

three slightly overlapping kidney systems develop in ____ to ____ sequence

A

cranial; caudal

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6
Q

three kidney systems

A
  1. Pronephros (rudimentary, nonfunctional)
  2. Mesonephros (function for a short time during early fetal period)
  3. Metanephros (forms the permanent kidney)
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7
Q

pronephros appear early ____ and degenerate by the end of this week

A

week 4

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8
Q

pronephros in segmented _____ in the ____ region; never functional in humans

A

intermediate mesoderm; cervical

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9
Q

mesonephros appear early week ___ in ___ and ____ segments of intermediate mesoderm

A

4; thoracic/lumbar

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10
Q

in the mesonephros, urine is produced and drains along the _____ to the ____

A

mesonephric (Wolffian) duct; cloaca/bladder

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11
Q

in week 5, the ___ segments of the mesonephros start to regress, but the mesonephric kidney continues functioning until week ___

A

thoracic; 10

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12
Q

mesonephric ducts extend into lower lumbar and fuse with ____, contributing to _____

A

cloaca; posterior bladder

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13
Q

in the mesonephros, canalization begins ____ and grows ____

A

caudally; cranially

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14
Q

when the mesonephric duct hits the cloaca, it initiates _____ growth

A

ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum

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15
Q

metanephros begins when the ____ sprouts from the distal end of the _____ at about 5 weeks

A

ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum; mesonephric duct

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16
Q

formation of the metanephros induces intermediate mesoderm in the sacral region to form a ____ which forms the _____

A

metanephric blastema which forms the glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons

17
Q

2 components of metanephros

A
  • collecting portion (ureteric bud)

- excretory portion (metanephric blastema)

18
Q

close proximity of blastema to ureteric bud is needed to induce nephron differentiation; if bud is missing or abnormal, kidney will not develop

A

reciprocal induction

19
Q

collecting portion of metanephros that comes from ureteric bud

A
  • ureter
  • renal pelvis
  • major and minor calyces
20
Q

excretory portion of metanephros coming from metanephric blastema

A
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
21
Q

ascent of the kidneys involves ____; vascular buds grow toward _____ arteries; happens approximately weeks ____

A

vasculogenesis; common iliac; 6-9

22
Q

ascent of the kidneys continues until they hit the ____ at about ____ vertebral level

A

adrenal glands; T11-T12

23
Q

when a kidney does not ascend and remains in the pelvis; can be functional but sometimes are not; has a very short ureter

A

pelvic kidney

24
Q

when the 2 inferior poles of the kidneys fuse together and get stuck on IMA (L3 level) as they ascend

A

horseshoe kidney

25
Q

in developing the bladder, the cloaca in the hindgut becomes divided by the ____

A

urorectal septum

26
Q

urorectal septum divides the cloaca into what 2 portions

A

ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal

27
Q

superior part of the urogenital sinus that is connected to the allantois and will form the bulk of the bladder

A

the vesical part

28
Q

middle and inferior portions of the urogenital sinus that will form the urethra

A

pelvic and phallic parts

29
Q

the distal portions of the mesonephric ducts and the attached ureteric ducts become incorporated into the posterior aspect of the bladder, known as the ____ of the bladder

A

trigone

30
Q

the mesonephric ducts will become the ____ in males, and the ureteric ducts will become the ____

A

vas deferens; ureters

31
Q

the mesonephric and ureteric ducts somewhat criss cross with the ____ over top of the ____

A

mesonephric duct; ureteric duct

32
Q

in females, the ___ and part of the ____ develop from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus

A

whole urethra; vagina

33
Q

in males, the ___ and ____ parts of the urethra develop from the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus, and the ____ comes from the phallic part

A

prostatic and membranous from pelvis part

spongy urethra from phallic part