Digestive System II Histo Flashcards
sm intestine has large SA for absorption: ___ meters squared
200
sm intestine has long length, about __ in living, ___ in cadaver
10 ft; 21 ft
sm intestine has circular folds called plicae circularis that have a ____ core
submucosa
fingerlike projections of mucosa in the small intestine
villi
projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells; create a striated border
microvilli
the epithelium of the mucosa of the small intestine is _____; it contains ____ and ____
simple columnar epithelium; absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells
intestinal glands in the mucosa of the small intestine are called ____; they are ____ glands that have ___, ___, and ____ cells associated with them
crypts of Lieberkuhn; tubular; paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, and stem cells
the submucosa in the duodenum has ____ or duodenal glands that produce ____
Brunner’s glands; alkaline mucous
the muscularis externa in the small intestine has 2 layers:
outer longitudinal
inner circular
in the ileum, groups of lymphatic nodules are present in the ____ and ____; these aggregated lymphatic follicles are referred to as ____
lamina propria; submucosa; Peyer’s patches
specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches
M (microfold) cells
the epithelium in the mucosa of the large intestine is _____
simple columnar epithelium
the crypts of lierbkuhn (intestinal glands) in the large intestine have ____, ____, ____, and ____ cells associated with them
absorptive cells (colonocytes), goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and stem cells
the lamina propria of the large intestine has ____ cells and _____
lymphoid; lymphoid nodules
2 layers of muscularis externa in the large intestine
- inner circular layer
- outer longitudinal layer (teniae coli)
the anal canal is divided into 3 zones based on ____
epithelial lining
3 zones of the anal canal
- colorectal zone (superior 1/3)
- anal transitional zone (ATZ)- middle 1/3
- squamous zone (inferior 1/3)
colorectal zone composed of ____
simple columnar epithelium
anal transitional zone composed of a mix of ____, ____, and ____
simple columnar epithelium; stratified columnar (or cuboidal) epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium
squamous zone composed of ____; at the distal end is a _____ junction
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; mucocutaneous
____ disappears in the ATZ zone
muscularis mucosae
98-99 % of the pancreas functions as a ____ gland and 1-2% functions as a ____ gland
exocrine (compound acinar gland); endocrine (islets of langerhans)
the liver receives blood from 2 sources:
- the hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)
- hepatic portal vein (deox blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possible microbes and toxins from the GI tract)
where oxygen, most of the nutrients, and certain toxic substances are taken up by the hepatocytes ; also where the hepatocytes’ products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood
liver sinusoids
path of nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein
liver sinusoids –> central vein –> hepatic vein –> IVC –> right atrium of the heart
the liver is composed of structural and functional units called ____- 6 sided structures (hexagon or polyhedral) consisting of specialized cells called hepatocytes (hepatic or liver cells), in plates surrounding a central vein
hepatic lobules
hepatic lobules consist of stacks of plates of hepatocytes one cell thick that are separated by _____ lined mostly with _____
anastomosing sinusoids; discontinuous endothelium
hepatocytes have ___ that extend into a ____ (space of Disse) i.e. the space between the hepatocytes and endothelial cells
microvilli; perisinusoidal space
the largest cells lining the sinusoids are ____ (stellate macrophages); they are phagocytotic; involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old ____ that reach the liver from the spleen; they are derived from ____
Kupffer cells; RBCs; monocytes
cells found in the perisinusoidal space that store hepatic vitamin A
hepatic stellate cells (also known as Ito cells)
portal triad, component of the hepatic lobule consists of 3 things:
hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct
the gallbladder has no ____ or _____, but has a large ____
muscularis mucosae; submucosa; muscularis externa
gallbladder is characterized by ____ in the mucosa and muscularis externa; caused by hyperplasia
Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses
