Digestive System II Histo Flashcards

1
Q

sm intestine has large SA for absorption: ___ meters squared

A

200

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2
Q

sm intestine has long length, about __ in living, ___ in cadaver

A

10 ft; 21 ft

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3
Q

sm intestine has circular folds called plicae circularis that have a ____ core

A

submucosa

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4
Q

fingerlike projections of mucosa in the small intestine

A

villi

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5
Q

projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells; create a striated border

A

microvilli

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6
Q

the epithelium of the mucosa of the small intestine is _____; it contains ____ and ____

A

simple columnar epithelium; absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells

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7
Q

intestinal glands in the mucosa of the small intestine are called ____; they are ____ glands that have ___, ___, and ____ cells associated with them

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn; tubular; paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, and stem cells

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8
Q

the submucosa in the duodenum has ____ or duodenal glands that produce ____

A

Brunner’s glands; alkaline mucous

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9
Q

the muscularis externa in the small intestine has 2 layers:

A

outer longitudinal

inner circular

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10
Q

in the ileum, groups of lymphatic nodules are present in the ____ and ____; these aggregated lymphatic follicles are referred to as ____

A

lamina propria; submucosa; Peyer’s patches

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11
Q

specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches

A

M (microfold) cells

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12
Q

the epithelium in the mucosa of the large intestine is _____

A

simple columnar epithelium

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13
Q

the crypts of lierbkuhn (intestinal glands) in the large intestine have ____, ____, ____, and ____ cells associated with them

A

absorptive cells (colonocytes), goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and stem cells

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14
Q

the lamina propria of the large intestine has ____ cells and _____

A

lymphoid; lymphoid nodules

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15
Q

2 layers of muscularis externa in the large intestine

A
  • inner circular layer

- outer longitudinal layer (teniae coli)

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16
Q

the anal canal is divided into 3 zones based on ____

A

epithelial lining

17
Q

3 zones of the anal canal

A
  1. colorectal zone (superior 1/3)
  2. anal transitional zone (ATZ)- middle 1/3
  3. squamous zone (inferior 1/3)
18
Q

colorectal zone composed of ____

A

simple columnar epithelium

19
Q

anal transitional zone composed of a mix of ____, ____, and ____

A

simple columnar epithelium; stratified columnar (or cuboidal) epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium

20
Q

squamous zone composed of ____; at the distal end is a _____ junction

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; mucocutaneous

21
Q

____ disappears in the ATZ zone

A

muscularis mucosae

22
Q

98-99 % of the pancreas functions as a ____ gland and 1-2% functions as a ____ gland

A

exocrine (compound acinar gland); endocrine (islets of langerhans)

23
Q

the liver receives blood from 2 sources:

A
  1. the hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)
  2. hepatic portal vein (deox blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possible microbes and toxins from the GI tract)
24
Q

where oxygen, most of the nutrients, and certain toxic substances are taken up by the hepatocytes ; also where the hepatocytes’ products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood

A

liver sinusoids

25
Q

path of nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein

A

liver sinusoids –> central vein –> hepatic vein –> IVC –> right atrium of the heart

26
Q

the liver is composed of structural and functional units called ____- 6 sided structures (hexagon or polyhedral) consisting of specialized cells called hepatocytes (hepatic or liver cells), in plates surrounding a central vein

A

hepatic lobules

27
Q

hepatic lobules consist of stacks of plates of hepatocytes one cell thick that are separated by _____ lined mostly with _____

A

anastomosing sinusoids; discontinuous endothelium

28
Q

hepatocytes have ___ that extend into a ____ (space of Disse) i.e. the space between the hepatocytes and endothelial cells

A

microvilli; perisinusoidal space

29
Q

the largest cells lining the sinusoids are ____ (stellate macrophages); they are phagocytotic; involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old ____ that reach the liver from the spleen; they are derived from ____

A

Kupffer cells; RBCs; monocytes

30
Q

cells found in the perisinusoidal space that store hepatic vitamin A

A

hepatic stellate cells (also known as Ito cells)

31
Q

portal triad, component of the hepatic lobule consists of 3 things:

A

hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct

32
Q

the gallbladder has no ____ or _____, but has a large ____

A

muscularis mucosae; submucosa; muscularis externa

33
Q

gallbladder is characterized by ____ in the mucosa and muscularis externa; caused by hyperplasia

A

Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses