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Anatomy > Digestive System I Histo > Flashcards

Digestive System I Histo Flashcards

1
Q

the digestive system consists of ____ and ____

A

alimentary canal (or GI tract) and associated or accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

organs of the GI tract include:

A

mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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3
Q

associated or accessory digestive organs

A

tongue (PB), teeth (PB), salivary glands (S), pancreas (S), liver (S), and gallbladder (S)

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4
Q

major processes of the digestive system

A
  1. ingestion
  2. secretion
  3. mixing and propulsion (motility capability)
  4. digestion (mechanical and chemical)
  5. absorption
  6. defecation (of feces)
  7. barrier
  8. immunologic protection
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5
Q

the oral cavity opens into the oropharynx through an opening called the ____

A

fauces

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6
Q

between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth

A

vestibule

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7
Q

parts of the oral cavity are:

A
  1. vestible

2. oral cavity proper

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8
Q

____ produce dentin, ____ produce enamel

A

odontoblasts; ameloblasts

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9
Q

saliva is ___ and ____; average secretion of ___ to ____ per day

A

99.5% water ; 0.5% solutes; 1000-1500 ml per day

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10
Q

saliva has protective and digestive roles:

A
  1. moisten oral mucosa
  2. moisten dry foods
  3. provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
  4. buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
  5. contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharides)
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11
Q

the pharynx connects nasal and oral cavities to the ___ and ____; is a passageway for ___ and ___

A

larynx; esophagus; food; air

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12
Q

pharynx has respiratory epithelium (which is ____) and some _____

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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14
Q

nasopharynx has _____ bc it is an air passageway only; it is superior to the ____

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium; soft palate

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15
Q

when swallowing, the ___ and ____ move superiorly to close off the nasopharynx

A

soft palate; uvula

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16
Q

the oropharynx has _____ because it is an air and food passageway; it is posterior to the oral cavity between level of ____ and ____

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; soft palate; epiglottis

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17
Q

the laryngopharynx has ____ bc it is an air/food passageway; it is continuous with both the ___ and ____; extends from ____ to ____

A

nonkerat. strat. squamous epithelium
esophagus; larynx
upright epiglottis; larynx

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18
Q

organization from lumen outward of alimentary canal

A
  1. mucosa (lining epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. serosa or adventitia
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19
Q

lining epithelium of the mucosa can either be ____ or ____

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; simple columnar epithelium

20
Q

lamina propria is ____

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue

21
Q

muscularis mucosae is _____

A

smooth muscle tissue

22
Q

submucosa is ____ and contains ____

A

dense irregular connective tissue; meissner’s plexus/submucosal plexus

23
Q

smooth muscle of the muscularis externa contains inner ___ layer and outer ____ layer

A

circular; longitudinal

24
Q

inner circular layer can be thickened to form ___ or ____

A

sphincters; valves

25
Q

muscularis externa contains ___ nerve plexus or ____ plexus

A

myenteric; Auerbach’s

26
Q

serosa, or visceral peritoneum, is made of ____ and ____

A

mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

loose (areolar) connective tissue

27
Q

adventitia is made of _____

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue)

28
Q

the mucosa of the esophagus is _____

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

29
Q

muscularis externa of the esophagus is ____ in the upper third, ____ in the distal third, and the middle third is mixed

A

skeletal muscle; smooth muscle

30
Q

most of the outer portion of the esophagus is ____ because it is mostly in the thorax, but the portion of the esophagus that enters the peritoneal cavity is ____

A

adventitia; serosa

31
Q

mucous glands in the submucosa of the esophagus

A

esophageal glands (proper)

32
Q

mucous glands in the lamina propria of the esophagus

A

esophageal cardiac glands

33
Q

the cardia of the stomach has cardiac glands that secrete primarily ____

A

mucous

34
Q

the fundus/body of the stomach has fundic glands that contain cells that secrete ____ and ____

A

HCl; pepsin

35
Q

the pylorus of the stomach has pyloric glands that secrete primarily ____

A

mucous

36
Q

the mucosa of the stomach is ____ or _____

A

simple columnar epithelium; surface mucous cells

37
Q

gastric pits lead to _____ glands

A

simple branched tubular glands

38
Q

3 layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach

A
  • outer longitudinal
  • middle circular
  • inner oblique
39
Q

outer layer of stomach covered with ____

A

serosa

40
Q

the tubular glands of the stomach do not go past the ____ layer

A

muscularis mucosae

41
Q

3 parts of the fundic glands that are in the fundus/body of the stomach

A

isthmus, neck, and base

42
Q

isthmus part of the fundic glands has ____ population

A

stem cell

43
Q

neck region of a fundic gland has ____ which secrete mucous

A

mucous neck cells

44
Q

parietal cells secrete ___ and ____; they are ____ cells that have a lot of mitochondria

A

HCl; intrinsic factor; eosinophilic

45
Q

chief cells or zymogen cells secrete ____ and _____

A

pepsinogen (which is converted to pepsin) ; gastric lipase

46
Q

G cells (or enteroendocrine cells) which are at the base of fundic glands secrete hormones like ____

A

gastrin

Anatomy (34 decks)

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