Female Repro Histo Flashcards
the ovaries have ____ function as they produce estrogens and progestogens through steroidogenesis
endocrine
promote the growth and maturation of internal and external sex organs; development of the secondary female sex characteristics; promote breast development
estrogens
prepare internal sex organs (primarily uterus) for pregnancy by promoting changes in endometrium; prepare mammary glands for lactation
progestogens
the ovaries have exocrine function as they produce the female gamete (i.e. ovum) through gametogenesis; specifically the ovaries produce and ovulate a _____
secondary oocyte
first month of fetal development; migrate from yolk sac to gonadal primordia; divide (via mitosis) and differentiate to form the next cell (i.e. oogonia)
primordial germ cells
will proliferate (via mitosis), but others also begin, at the beginning of third month, to undergo meiosis; enter the prophase of the first meiotic division and stop (arrest)
oogonia
arrested oogonia at prophase of the first meiotic division
primary oocytes
each primary oocyte (i.e. arrested in prophase of first meiotic division) becomes surrounded by flattened supporting cells called _____, creating what is known as a _____
follicular cells; primordial follicle
by ___ month of development, most oogonia have transformed to primary oocytes
seventh
beginning at the fifth month of fetal life and throughout the woman’s lifetime, primary oocytes undergo a slow degenerative process called ____, defined as spontaneous death and subsequent reabsorption
atresia
only about ____ oocytes are ovulated throughout lifetime, most are lost through atresia
350-400
ovarian follicles are found within the ____ of the ovaries
cortex
an ovarian follicle is composed of an ____ surrounded by one or more layers of ____
oocyte; epithelial cells
ovarian follicles are various sizes- size indicates the ____ of the oocyte
developmental state
3 basic types of ovarian follicles
- primordial follicles
- growing follicles
- mature or Graafian follicles
growing follicles can be ___ or ____ follicles
primary; secondary (antral)
two types of primary follicles
- early or unilaminar primary follicles
2. late or multilayered or multilaminar primary follicles
the sheath of connective tissue cells that develop from the stromal cells surrounding the developing follicle
theca folliculi or follicular theca
theca folliculi found just external to the ____
basal lamina
two parts of the theca folliculi
- theca interna
2. theca externa
theca interna made up of ___ secretory cells; in response to LH, these cells synthesize and secrete ____ (i.e. precursors to ____)
cuboidal; androgens; estrogen
theca interna has ____ function; also has ____, collagen bundles, and lots of blood vessels
endocrine; fibroblasts
theca externa has ____ outer portion, ___ muscle cells, fibroblasts, and bundles of collagen
fibrous; smooth
two cells of the corpus luteum
- granulosa lutein cells
2. theca lutein cells
granulosa lutein cells undergo ____; 30 micrometers in diameter; centrally located cells derived from the ____ cells; begin to produce ____
hypertrophy; granulosa; progesterone
theca lutein cells only increase slightly in size; 15 micrometers in diameter; ____ located cells derived from cells of the ____; are slightly darker staining than granulosa lutein cells; continue to produce ____
peripherally; theca interna; estrogens
wall of uterine tube is folded mucosa with ____, a thick ____ (interwoven layers of smooth muscle), and ____
simple columnar epithelium; muscularis; serosa
two types of cells in the uterine tubes
- ciliated cells
2. secretory cells or peg cells
secretory cells are ___ staining; apical end bulges into ____; produce ____covering epithelium
darker; lumen; nutritive fluid
outermost layer of the uterus, has either adventitia or serosa
perimetrium
middle layer and thickest layer of the uterus; bundles of smooth muscle separated by connective tissue containing many blood vessels; four poorly defined layers of smooth muscle
myometrium
endometrium is inner layer of the uterus with ____ with both ___ and ____ cells with an underlying lamina propria; the endometrium contains ____ glands
simple columnar epithelium; ciliated; secretory; uterine
2 layers of the endometrium
- basal layer (stratum basale)- deeper layer
2. functional layer (stratum functionale)- superficial layer
thickness of the ____ layer influenced by the shifting levels of ovarian hormones and majority can be sloughed away monthly as the menstrual flow
functional layer (stratum functionale)
narrow end of the uterus where endometrium differs from the rest of the uterus; not sloughed during menstruation
cervix
cervix contains large, branched mucous glands called _____
cervical glands
there is an increase in ____ production at the cervix 10-fold to aid in ____; the cervix lacks ____
mucous; sperm migration; spiral arteries
transformation zone of cervix is a ____ junction from mucus-secreting ____ of the cervical canal (and uterus) to _____ of ectocervix (i.e. the vaginal part of the cervix)
squamocolumnar; simple columnar epithelium; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
transformation zone of cervix is a common site of _____
metaplastic changes
wall of the vagina has a ____, a ____, and an ____
mucosa; muscular layer; adventitia
mucosa of the vagina consists of _____
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
muscular layer of the vagina has two distinct layers of smooth muscle:
inner circular and outer longitudinal
the mammary glands are modified _____ sweat glands
tubuloalveolar apocrine
mammary glands involved in the production and secretion of milk; release via ___ and ____ mechanisms
merocrine; apocrine
