Connective Tissue Flashcards
types of connective tissue
embryonic connective tissue and adult connective tissue
embryonic connective tissue
mesenchyme
mucous
adult connective tissue
connective tissue proper
specialized
connective tissue proper
loose (areolar) reticular dense regular dense irregular adipose
specialized adult connective tissue
blood
supporting connective tissue (cartilage, bone)
main functions of connective tissue
- binds, supports, and strengthens
- protection
- insulation
- compartmentalization
- transport
- storage of energy reserves
- immune responses
common characteristics of connective tissue
- cells in an extracellular matrix
- common origin
- degrees of vascularity
general composition of connective tissue
cells and extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix (ECM) made up of …
protein fibers and ground substance
protein fibers…
- collagen
- reticular
- elastic
ground substance …
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate)
- Proteoglycans
- Multiadhesive Glycoproteins (ex. laminin and fibronectin)
connective tissue cells
{fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, odontoblasts}, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, {mast cells, basophils}, adipose cells
fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, odontoblasts
production of fibers and ground substance; major structural function
plasma cells
production of antibodies; immunologic function
lymphocytes
production of immunocompetent cells; immunologic function
eosinophils
Participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions, modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory process; immunologic function
neutrophils
Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria; defense function
macrophages
Secretion of cytokines and other molecules, phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria, antigen processing and presentation to other cells; defense function
mast cells; basophils
Liberation of pharmacologically active molecules (e.g., histamine); defense function
adipose cell
Storage of neutral fats and thermogenesis; function as energy reservoir, heat production
most common type of cell associated with connective tissue is _____
fibroblasts
three types of fibers
- collagen- collagen protein
- reticular- collagen protein
- elastic- elastin protein
gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells
loose (areolar) connective tissue
network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network
reticular connective tissue
primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast
dense regular connective tissue
extracellular matrix looks shiny white; consists mainly of collagen fibers arranged in bundles; fibroblasts present in rows between bundles
dense regular connective tissue
primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast
dense irregular connective tissue
consists predominatly of randomly arranged collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts
dense irregular connective tissue
two types of adipose tissue
- white adipose tissue
2. brown adipose tissue
the predominant type of adipose tissue in adults
white adipose tissue
uniocular, spherical, flattened nucleus, rim of cytoplasm, larger diameter (15-150 micrometers)
adipocytes of white adipose tissue
location of white adipose tissue
subcutaneous layer, mammary gland, greater omentum, mesenteries, orbits, bone marrow cavity
function of white adipose tissue
energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs, and secretion of hormones
matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to side by large fat droplet
white adipose tissue
consists of adipocytes, cells specialized to store triglycerides (fats) as a large centrally located droplet ; nucleus and cytoplasm are peripherally located
adipose tissue
adipose tissue predominant in fetus and newborn
brown adipose tissue
adipocytes are multiocular, spherical, round, eccentric nucleus, smaller diameter (10-15 micrometers)
brown adipose tissue
location of brown adipose tissue in newborns
5% of total body mass; back, along upper half of spine and toward shoulders
location of brown adipose tissue in adults
retroperitoneal space, around aorta, neck, back, and mediastinum
function of brown adipose tissue
heat production (i.e. thermogenesis)
wraps and cushions organs; it’s macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid
loose (areolar) connective tissue
loose (areolar) connective tissue is widely distributed under the ____ of the body; it forms the ____ of mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries
epithelia; lamina propria
found in tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses
dense regular connective tissue
found in the dermis of the skin, submucosa of the digestive tract, fibrous capsules of organs and of joints
dense irregular connective tissue
