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Anatomy > Histo of the Urinary System > Flashcards

Histo of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

the kidneys filter ____, ___, ____, and ____ from the blood to keep it pure

A

toxins; metabolic wastes; excess water; excess ions

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2
Q

kidneys dispose of ____ wastes from the blood such as:

A

nitrogenous wastes such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine

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3
Q

the kidneys regulate the balance of ___ and ___/ ___ and ____

A

waster; electrolytes; acids; bases

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4
Q

the base of the renal pyramids faces the ___ and the apex is the ____

A

cortex; renal papilla

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5
Q

____ are between renal pyramids

A

renal columns

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6
Q

the renal cortex contains renal ____ and associated tubules

A

corpuscles

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7
Q

the renal medulla has ____, ____, and ____

A

straight tubules; collecting ducts; vasa recta

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8
Q

a renal lobe consists of a renal ____, its overlying ____, and one half of each adjacent renal ____

A

pyramid; renal cortex; columns

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9
Q

the glomerular capillary bed is unusual in having arterioles going both to it (____) and away from it (_____) instead of a vein going away from it as most; also unusual in having two capillary beds in series (one following the other)

A

afferent; efferent

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10
Q

path of the vasculature of the kidneys

A

aorta, renal a, segmental a, interlobar a, arcuate a, interlobar a, afferent arteriole, glomerulus (capillaries), efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries and vasa recta, interlobar v, arcuate v, interlobar v, renal v, IVC

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11
Q

in filtration, fluid is squeezed out of the ____

A

glomerular capillary bed

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12
Q

in reabsorption, most nutrients, water, and essential ions are returned to the blood of the ____

A

peritubular capillaries

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13
Q

secretion moves additional undesirable molecules into ___ from blood of ____

A

tubule; peritubular capillaries

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14
Q

two parts of the nephron

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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15
Q

____ is where tubular reabsorption and secretion occurs

A

renal tubule

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16
Q

each nephron will drain into a _____

A

collecting tubule

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17
Q

nephron plus its collecting tubule form the _____

A

uriniferous tubule

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18
Q

type of nephron in which the renal corpuscle is located near the medulla, but still in the cortex

A

juxtamedullary nephron

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19
Q

____ have their loop of Henle in the renal medulla near its junction with the renal cortex, while ____ have their loop of Henle deep in the medulla

A

cortical nephrons; juxtamedullary nephrons

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20
Q

the renal corpuscle is where ____ occurs

A

glomerular filtration

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21
Q

two components to the renal corpuscle

A
  • glomerulus

- Bowman’s capsule (glomerular capsule)

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22
Q

tuft of capillaries composed of 10 to 20 capillary loops.

A

glomerulus

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23
Q

the glomerular capillaries are supplied by an ____ and drained by an ____

A

afferent arteriole; efferent arteriole

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24
Q

double-walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus

A

bowman’s capsule

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25
Q

there is an internal or ___ layer of bowman’s capsule and an external or ____ layer

A

visceral; parietal

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26
Q

where afferent / efferent arterioles enter/exit the renal corpusle

A

vascular pole

27
Q

where filtrate exits bowman’s space and enters the proximal convoluted tubule

A

urinary or tubular pole

28
Q

podocytes are also called _____

A

visceral epithelial cells

29
Q

cells in the Bowman’s capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus

30
Q

podocytes have long processes called ___ or ____ for which the cells are named

A

foot processes; pedicels

31
Q

intercellular clefts between the interdigitating pedicels of podocytes that are about 40 nm wide

A

filtration slits

32
Q

semipermeable membrane covering filtration slits

A

slit diaphragm

33
Q

the renal tubule consists of _____, ____, and _____

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • Loop of Henle (nephron loop) with descending and ascending limb
  • distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
34
Q

renal tubule is where ____ and ____ occurs

A

tubular reabsorption; tubular secretion

35
Q

PCT is confined to the ____ and has ____

A

renal cortex; simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

PCT has long microvilli called ____ and ___ appearance in slides/pictures

A

brush border; fuzzy

37
Q

thick descending limb of the loop of Henle (aka proximal straight tubule) has ____

A

simple cuboidal epithelial cells

38
Q

thin descending limb of the loop of Henle has ____

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

39
Q

thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle has ____

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

40
Q

thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (aka distal straight tubule) has _____

A

simple cuboidal epithelial cells

41
Q

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is confined to ____ and has _____, but cells are ___ than in the PCT

A

renal cortex; simple cuboidal epithelium; smaller

42
Q

DCT has lots of ____ which makes cells very _____

A

mitochondria; eosinophilic

43
Q

____ are fewer are not long in the DCT which means there is no ____

A

microvilli; brush border

44
Q

the lumen of the DCT is ____ than the PCT

45
Q

structure where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of loop of Henle

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

46
Q

thickened part of DCT

A

macula densa

47
Q

modified muscle cells in arteriole

A

juxtaglomerular cells

48
Q

____ + ____ = juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

A

macula densa; juxtaglomerular cells

49
Q

collecting ducts collect ____ from ____

A

urine; DCT

50
Q

collecting ducts have ____ that appears less specialized than PCT or DCT

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

51
Q

____ in the collecting ducts is relatively clear and cell border are usually ____

A

cytoplasm; distinct

52
Q

collecting ducts merge and become ____ as they descend through the medulla

53
Q

___, ___, ____, and ____ all have the same histological structure, with walls becoming thicker closer to the ____

A

renal calyces; renal pelvis; ureters; urinary bladder; bladder

54
Q

mucosa of the urinary system composed of ____ and ____

A

transitional epithelium (urothelium); lamina propria

55
Q

the muscularis externa of the urinary system is composed of ____ muscle with inner ____, outer ____ layer and outermost ____ layer (distal end of ureter and present in the bladder)

A

smooth; longitudinal; circular; longitudinal

56
Q

outermost layer of these urinary structures is ____

A

adventitia

57
Q

ureter is a muscular tube about 10-12 inches in length; ureters have a ___ lumen and 2-3 layers of ____

A

star shaped; smooth muscle

58
Q

through peristalsis, the ureters propel urine from the ___ to the ____

A

kidneys; bladder

59
Q

hollow, distensible, muscular organ; stores urine with average capacity of ____

A

bladder; 250 mL

60
Q

in males, the prostatic urethra is ____

A

urothelium

61
Q

the membranous urethra is ____ and ____

A

stratified columnar epithelium; pseudostratified columnar epithelium

62
Q

the spongy urethra is ____ and ____ and distally _____

A

stratified columnar epithelium; pseudostratified columnar epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium

63
Q

the urethra in females is initially ____ and then _____ (occasionally _____)

A

urothelium; stratified squamous epithelium; pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Anatomy (34 decks)

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