THE DIETETIC MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY Flashcards
HEALTHY BMI:
18.5-24.9 kg/m2
NICE OBESITY CLASSIFCATIONS BY BMI?
OBESITY I: 30-34.9
OBESITY II: 35-39.9
OBESITY III: 40+
CHILDREN FROM DEPRIVED FAMILIES ARE HOW LIKELY TO DEVELOP OBESITY COMPARED TO OTHER CHILDREN?
TWICE AS LIKELY
PERCENTAGE OF OVERWEIGHT ADULTS IN THE UK?
63%
IF PEOPLE HAVE BMI OF LESS THAN 35, WHICH ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENT IS HELPFUL INDICATION OF OBESITY RELATED HEALTH PROBLEMS AND WHY?
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE BECAUSE IT PROVIDES AN INDICATION OF TOTAL BODY FAT
UP TO HOW MANY VARIABLES INTERACT TO INFLUENCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF GAINING WEIGHT?
100
AETIOLOGY OF OBESITY?
LONG TERM EXCESS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY RELATIVE TO ENERGY EXPENDITURE
SOME CAUSES OF OBESITY:
GENETICS, NUTRITION, EXERCISE LEVELS, ADDICTION, SES, EDUCATION, UPBRINGING, HORMONES, CULTURE…
100 EXTRA CAL PER DAY WILL LEAD TO ANNUAL WEIGHT GAIN OF?
5 KG
DIET INDUCED THERMOGENESIS?
THE INCREASE IN ENERGY EXPENDITURE ABOVE BASAL FASTING LEVEL DIVIDED BY THE ENERGY CONTENT OF THE FOOD INGESTED, EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE
MAIN NUTRIENT DIGESTION ENERGY EXPENDITURE FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST?
PROTEIN>CARBS>FAT
WHICH MAIN NUTRIENT REDUCES APPETITE THE MOST?
PROTEIN
ALL WEIGHT REDUCING DIETS AIM TO:
REDUCE ENERGY INPUT (CALORIE INTAKE)
MULTI-COMPONENT PROGRAMME IS MOST EFFECTIVE FOR WEIGHT LOSS. WHAT DOES IT INCLUDE?
ADVICE ON NUTRITION, EXERCISE AND PSYCHOLOGY
WHICH PERCENTAGE OF WEIGHT LOSS CAN ALREADY BE CLINICALLY BENEFICIAL IF MAINTAINED?
5% (5-10%)
WHEN TRYING TO LOSE WEIGHT, IT IS IMPORTANT TO REDUCE ENERGY DENSITY. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
REDUCE THE CALORIE CONTENT WHILST STILL HAVING A REASONABLE QUANTITY OF FOOD
CAL/g IN ALCOHOL?
7
VERY LOW CALORIE DIET/ TOTAL DIET REPLACEMENT?
- EATING SHAKES AND BARS
- 450-800 kcal per day
- FAST WEIGHT LOSS
- SHAKES TAKE AWAY ANY FOOD DECISIONS
- CAN REINTRODUCE FOOD WITH AIM OF RESETTING HABITS
- LONG TERM SUPPORT PROVIDED TO PEOPLE AFTERWARDS
A WEIGHT LOSS OF 15KG USING TDR LEADS TO REMISSION OF T2D IN WHAT PERCENTAGE OF SUBJECTS?
80%
WHAT ARE FAD DIETS?
DIETS WITH ANY OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS CAN BE DANGEROUS:
- DIETS THAT BECOME POPULAR QUICKLY AND FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME
- MAKE UNREALISTIC PROMISES
- ARE HIGHLY RESTRICTIVE
- PROMOTE THE IDEA OF SHORT TERM BUT INCREDIBLY DIFFICULT DIETING AS THE ONLY OPTIONS
- ARE PROMOTED BY CELEBRITIES AND NON HCPs
HOW TO REDUCE WEIGHT BIAS AND OBESITY STIGMA?
- RECOGNIZE THAT MANY PATIENTS WITH OBESITY HAVE TRIED TO LOSE WEIGHT REPEATEDLY
- ACKNOWLEDGE THE DIFFICULTY OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AND SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT LOSS
- CONSIDER PATIENTS WHO HAD NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES WITH HCPs
- SHOW SENSITIVITY AND EMPTY
- EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF REALISTIC AND SUSTAINABLE CHANGE
HOW DOES ENVIRONMENT NEGATIVELY IMPACT FOOD CONSUMPTION?
- HIGH CALORIE PROCESSED FOODS OFTEN THE CHEAPEST
- LARGE PORTIONS REPRESENT GOOD VALUE
- COMMERCIAL PROMOTION OF HFSS FOODS
- INCREASED EATING OUT/TAKE AWAYS
- DIFFICULT TO HAVE THE WILLPOWER IN CERTAIN SOCIAL SETTINGS
HOW DOES ENVIRONMENT NEGATIVELY IMPACT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?
- INCREASED URBANIZATION
- LESS ACTIVE TRANSPORT
- INCREASED SCREEN TIME
- MORE SEDENTARY JOBS
