T2D PREVENTION Flashcards
HOW MANY ADULTS WITH DIABETES LIVE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE- INCOME COUNTRIES?
4/5, 81%
HOW MANY DEATHS IS DIABETES RESPONSIBLE FOR ANNUALLY?
6.7 MILLION
HOW MANY DEATHS IS DIABETES RESPONSIBLE FOR ANNUALLY?
6.7 MILLION
HOW MANY PEOPLE IN ENGLAND ARE AT AN INCREASED RISK OF DIABETES?
OVER 10 MILLION
HOW MANY PEOPLE WITH DIABETES DIE PREMATURELY EVERY WEEK IN THE UK?
500
% OF DIALYSIS PATIENTS THAT HAVE DIABETES?
50%
WHICH ETHNIC MINORITY GROUP IN THE UK IS AT A PARTICULARLY HIGH RISK OF T2D?
SOUTH ASIANS
GLUCOSE LEVELS AFTER FASTING THAT INDICATE IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE?
6.1-6.9 mmol/L
GLUCOSE LEVELS IN OGTT WHICH INDICATE IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE?
7.8-11.0 mmol/L
WHICH LEVEL OF HBA1C INDICATE RISK OF DIABETES?
6.0-6.4% OR 42-47 mmol7mol
WHAT IS GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELITUS?
GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE RESULTING IN HYPERGLYCAEMIA WHICH BEGINS OR IS 1ST DIAGNOSED IN PREGNANCY AND RESOLVED POST PARTUM. RESULT OF MATERNAL BETA CELL INABILITY TO ADEQUATELY ADJUST TO NATURAL INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PREGNANCY
WHY IS FETAL INSULIN INCREASED IN GDM?
BECAUSE MATERNAL EXCESSIVE GLUCOSE IS CROSSING THE PLACENTA (AND MATERNAL INSULIN CAN’T DO THAT) THIS LEADS FETAL PANCREAS TO PRODUCE EXCESSIVE INSULIN IN RESPONSE
DIFFERENCES IN LIFE EXPECTANCY IN WARWICKSHIRE DUE TO DEPRIVATION ARE UP TO?
19 YRS
WHY IS IT BENEFICIAL FOR INTERVENTIONS FOR T2D PREVENTION TO FOCUS ON HEALTH OF YOUNG WOMEN PRE PREGNANCY?
BECAUSE GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND T2D HAS CONSEQUENCES ON THE MOTHER BUT THE CHILD AS WELL. THE CHILD IS MORE LIKELY TO HAVE DIABETES AND CVD WHICH COULD TRANSLATE ON THE NEXT GENERATION AND SO ON
% OF PREGNANCIES IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES THAT ARE UNPLANNED?
45-50%
TARGETING HEALTH OF YOUNG WOMEN TO PREVENT T2D BY PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES ON OFFSPRING AND FUTURE GENERATIONS IS WHAT TYPE OF INTERVENTION?
PRIMORDIAL
% OF T2D CASES THAT COULD BE PREVENTED OR DELAYED?
MORE THAN 50%
REDUCTION OF DIABETES RISK BY USING METFORMIN IS?
31%
REDUCTION OF DIABETES RISK BY LIFESTYLE CHANGES IS?
58%
THE MAIN OBSERVABLE HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN DIABETES RELATE TO?
RELATE TO WHICH POPULATIONS DEVELOP THE DISEASE
WHAT IS NHS HEALTH CHECK?
- HEALTH CHECK UP FOR ADULTS IN ENGLAND AGED 40-74
- DESIGNED TO SPOT EARLY SIGNS OF STROKE, KIDNEY DISEASE, HEART DISEASE, T2D OR DEMENTIA
OMNIVORES ARE?
ORGANISMS THAT EAT PLANTS AND ANIMALS
HOW MANY TIMES IS RISK FOR DEVELOPING DIABETES HIGHER IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE POPULATIONS COMPARED TO HEALTHY WEIGHT?
3 AND 7 TIMES
UK SOUTH ASIAN CHILDREN ARE HOW MANY TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP DIABETES THAN OTHER CHILDREN?
13 TIMES
IF A CHILD IS OBESE BEFORE THE AGE OF 5, WHAT’S THEIR CHANCE OF BEING OBESE IN ADOLESCENCE?
75%
ADULT SOUTH ASIAN POPULATIONS AND BLACK POPULATIONS ARE HOW MANY TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP T2D THAN THE WHITE POPULATION?
6 AND 3 TIMES MORE LIKELY
DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAMME IN THE UK:
- TARGET POPULATION ARE PEOPLE LIVING IN DEPRIVED AREAS AND PROTECTED GROUPS (BAME)
- 9 MONTH SUPPORTED LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION FOR THOSE AT HIGH RISK (WEIGHT, NUTRITION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY)
INEQUALITIES THAT PERSIST IN UK DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAMME?
- INEQUALITIES IN UPTAKE (LESS UPTAKE IN <65 AGE GROUP)
- INEQUALITIES IN COMPLETION RATE (LOWER IN BAME)
- THE PROGRAMME STILL PERFORMS POORLY WHEN IT COMES TO ACCESSING THOSE AT HIGHEST RISK
