BODY COMPOSITION Flashcards
DEFINITION OF BODY COMPOSITION?
THE RELATIVE PROPORTION OF PROTEIN, FAT, WATER AND MINERAL COMPONENTS IN THE BODY THAT MAKE UP TOTAL BODY WEIGHT
IS THE TERM WEIGHT OR MASS MORE ACCURATE?
MASS
MEASUREMENTS RELATED TO BODY COMPOSITION ARE CALLED?
ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
WHEN IS THE FAT COMPOSITION OF THE BODY THE HIGHEST?
AT 1 Y.O.
IS THE PERCENTAGE OF BONE THE SAME IN MEN AND WOMEN + THE NUMBERS?
YES, 12%
PERCENTAGE OF MUSCLE TISSUE MEN VS WOMEN?
45 VS 36
ESSENTUAL FAT PERCENTAGE MEN VS WOMEN?
3 VS 12
NON ESSENTIAL FAT % MEN VS WOMEN?
12 VS 15
IS THERE A BIGGER DIFFERENCE IN ESSENTIAL OR NON-ESSENTIAL FAT STORAGE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN?
ESSENTIAL
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF BODY SHAPES ACCORDING TO LOCATION OF FAT DEPOSIT?
ANDOID (APPLE); DISTRIBUTION OF FAT ON THE UPPER BODY (STOMACH), USUALLY FOUND IN MALES
GYNOID (PEAR); DISTRIBUTION OF FAT ON THE LOWER BODY (HIPS) USUALLY FOUND IN WOMEN
GYNOID BODY SHAPE IS MORE COMMON IN WHICH SEX?
FEMALE
WHAT ARE THE CELLS COMPOSING ADIPOSE TISSUE CALLED?
ADIPOCYTES
THE 2 TYPES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE DEPENDING ON ITS LOCATION?
SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE (SAT); BENEATH THE SKIN
VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE (VAT); LINING THE INTERNAL ORGANS
WHICH TYPE OF ADIPOSE TISSUE HAS A STRONGER ASSOCIATION WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE, T2D, HYPERTENSION, HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND CVD?
VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE
WHICH BODY SHAPE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF JOINT DISORDERS?
GYNOID
WHICH BODY SHAPE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF CVD AND METABOLIC DISORDERS?
ANDOID
WHAT IS THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED MEASURE OF OBESITY?
BODY WEIGHT
LIMITATIONS TO MEASURING WEIGHT ONLY WHEN ASSESSING DISEASE RISK?
- VARIETY OF SCALES ARE AVAILABLE, NOT ALWAYS ACCURATE
- CHANGES IN WEIGHT CORRESPOND TO CHANGES IN BODY WATER, FAT AND/ OR LEAN TISSUE
- BODY WEIGHT TAKEN WITHOUT MEASUREMENGTS CAN BE MISLEADING
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON OF THE NUTRITION SCREENING TOOLS TO ASSESS RISK OF DISEASE WITH UNDER OR OVER NUTRITION?
BMI; BODY MASS INDEX
EQUATION FOR CALCULATING BMI?
BMI=MASS (KG)/HEIGHTXHEIGHT (M2)
NORMAL BMI?
18.5-24.9
WEIGHT CHANGE OF HOW MUCH KG IS NEEDED TO PRODUCE A UNIT CHANGE IN BMI?
3.5 KG
LIMITATIONS OF USING BMI AS INDICATION OF UNDER OR OVER NUTRITION DISEASE RISK?
- DIFFERENT BODY COMPOSITIONS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON HEALTH AND PEOPLE WITH SAME BMI MIGHT HAVE COMPLETELY DIFF RISK LEVELS
- BMI IS NOT A STRAIGHTFORWARD INDEX BECAUSE OF GROWTH
- NEED TO BE CAUTIOUS WHEN MEASURING BMI OF ATHLETES AND PEOPLE WITH CERTAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS, LIKE SARCOPENIA WHERE BODY WEIGHT MIGHT BE ALTERED SIGNIFICANTLY BY CHANGING PROPORTIONS OF MUSCLE AND FAT MASSES
- DOES NOT PROVIDE INFO ABOUT BODY COMPOSITION
WHY IS BMI NOT RELIABLE FOR CHILDREN?
BECAUSE OF GROWTH