DIETARY PATTERNS AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION

Question 1

NCDs ACCOUNT FOR HOW MANY OF ANNUAL GLOBAL DEATHS?

Answer 1

71%, 41 MILLION

Question 2

HOW MANY ANNUAL DEATHS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO EXCESSIVE SALT INTAKE?

Answer 2

4.1 million

Question 3

HOW MANY DEATHS PER YEAR CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO INSUFFICIENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?

Answer 3

1.6 million

Question 4

WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN METABOLIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NCDs?

Answer 4

HYPERTENSION, OBESITY/BEING OVERWEIGHT, HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Question 5

PROTEINS FROM WHICH SOURCE (plant or animal) CONTAIN MORE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS?

Answer 5

Animal

Question 6

RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE OF PROTEIN FOR HEALTHY ADULTS (70KG):

Answer 6

58g

Question 7

WHICH OF THE MAIN NUTRIENTS PROVIDES THE MOST SATIETY?

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

HOW MUCH OF OUR ENERGY INTAKE SHOULD COME FROM FATS?

Answer 8

less than 30%
saturated fats less than 10%
trans fats less than 1%

Question 9

WHEN DO TRANS FATTY ACIDS FORM?

Answer 9

When vegetable oil goes through a process called hydrogenation; this leads the fat to harden and become solid at room temp.
ALSO CALLED HYDROGENATED FATS

Question 10

WHAT ARE HYDROGENATED FOODS USED FOR?

Answer 10

Keeping food fresh for a long time

Question 11

WHAT IS RECOMMENDED DAILY SUGAR INTAKE?

Answer 11

less than 10% (or ideally less than 5%), meaning cca 30g

Question 12

RECOMMENDED DAILY SALT INTAKE?

Answer 12

5g

Question 13

RECOMMENDED DAILY FRUIT AND VEG INTAKE:

Answer 13

5 portions/ 400g

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTIC OF A MEDITERRANEAN DIET?

Answer 14

• sustainably sourced and cooked food
• primary basis - cereal (wholegrain, e.g. bread, pasta, couscous)
• olive oil = PRIMARY SOURCE OF DIETARY LIPIDS

Question 15

FOLLOWING A MEDITERRANEAN DIET CAN DECREASE CVD RISK BY:

Answer 15

30%

Question 16

DASH (DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION) DIET CHARACTERISTICS:

Answer 16

• rich in fruit, veg and low fat dairy
• less than 3g of salt per day
• reduces cholesterol and BP

Question 17

MIND (MEDITERRANEAN-DASH INTERVENTION FOR NEUROGENERATIVE DELAY) DIET CHARACTERISTICS:

Answer 17

• increased fruit and veg intake
• emphasis on brain-healthy food like: green leafy veg, nuts, berries, beans, wholegrains, fish…
• unlike other diets, it clearly specifies avoidance of brain-unhealthy foods like: red meat, butter, margarine, fried food..)

Question 18

MIND DIET CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE BY:

Answer 18

53%