MIXED METHODOLOGY RESEARCH IN NUTRITION

Question 1

WHAT IS THE NAME OF A CHARITY FUNDED NATIONAL PROGRAMME WHICH AIMS TO TRANSFORM SCHOOL FOOD CULTURE, CURRENTLY BEING ROLLED OUT IN SCOTLAND?

Answer 1

FOOD FOR LIFE PROGRAMME

Question 2

WHAT IS MIXED METHODS RESEARCH (MMR)?

Answer 2

TYPE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY THAT UTILIZES A COMBINATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN A SINGLE INQUIRY TO GAIN A MORE COMPLETE PERSPECTIVE OF THE TOPIC OF INTEREST

Question 3

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Answer 3

APPROACH IN WHICH FINDINGS ARE DERIVED FROM STANDARD STATISTICAL PROCEDURES AND OTHER MEANS OF QUANTIFICATION. EXPERIMENTS ARE CONDUCTED UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS IN WHICH DATA ARE NUMBERS-

Question 4

WHAT IS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Answer 4

RANDOMISED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Question 5

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

Answer 5

AN APPROACH THAT PRODUCES FINDINGS NOT DERIVED FROM STANDARD STATISTICAL PROCEDURES OR OTHER MEANS OF QUANTIFICATION. DEFINED AS NATURALISTIC APPROACH THAT SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND PHENOMENA IN UNCONTROLLED, CONTEXT-SPECIFIC SETTINGS, IN WHICH DATA ARE NOR NUMBERS, BUT TEXT, AUDI OR VISUAL

Question 6

IS QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESCRIBED AS A ‘NATURALISTIC APPROACH’?

Answer 6

QUALITATIVE

Question 7

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING MMR (MIXED METHOD RESEARCH?

Answer 7

IT USES A COMBINATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES SO THAT WEAKNESSES IN ONE APPROACH CAN BE COMPENSATED BY STRENGTHS IN THE OTHER

Question 8

PERCEPTION OF TRUTH FROM A QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE PERSPECTIVE?

Answer 8

QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES ASSUME THAT TRUTH AND FACTS ARE OBJECTIVE WHILE QUALITATIVE APPROACHES ASSUME THE TRUTH AND FACTS HAVE SUBJECTIVE ELEMENTS BASED ON THE PERCEPTIONS AND MEANINGS ASSIGNED BY PEOPLE

Question 9

QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH, WHICH ONE IS DEDUCTIVE?

Answer 9

QUANTITATIVE

Question 10

ARE 24 HOUR DIETARY RECALL, FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE, ESTIMATED/WEIGHED FOOD DIARY ETC. QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE?

Answer 10

QUANTITATIVE

Question 11

MOST COMMONLY USED METHODS IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

Answer 11

IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWING
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS

Question 12

WHAT ARE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH FACE TO FACE NHS DPP (DIET PREVENTION PROGRAMME)?

Answer 12

• PEOPLE WITH BUSY SCHEDULES MIGHT FIND IT DIFFICULT TO ATTEND
• THERE MIGHT BE A PERCEIVED STIGMA IN ATTENDING THIS TYPE OF PROGRAMME
• FACE TO FACE PROGRAMMES ARE COSTLY, ESPECIALLY WHEN IMPLEMENTED ON A LARGE SCALE

Question 13

HOW MANY MIXED METHOD RESEARCH DESIGNS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED TO SOLVE RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND WHAT ARE THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM?

Answer 13

6

• DIFFER BASED ON TIMING A PRIORITY OF QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE STRAND
• THE TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DATA GATHERING CAN OCCUR OVER A PERIOD OF TIME (I.E. SEQUENTIALLY) OR AT THE SAME TIME (I.E. CONCURRENTLY)

Question 14

THE 6 MIX METHOD RESEARCH STUDY DESIGNS?

Answer 14

CONVERGENT PARALLEL
EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL
EXPLORATORY SEQUENTIAL
EMBEDDED-QUANTITATIVE DOMINANT
EMBEDDED QUALITATIVE DOMINANT
MULTIPHASE

Question 15

MMR STUDY DESIGN; CONVERGENT PARALLEL; EXPLAIN?

Answer 15

THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STRANDS ARE FIRST ANALYSED SEPARATELY AND THEN MERGED TO SHOW HOW THE DATA ARE CONVERGENT OR DIVERGENT. THE INTENT IS TO COMPARE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES FROM THE 2 STRANDS TO OBTAIN A HOLISTIC INTERFERENCE OF THE STUDY FINDINGS

Question 16

MMR STUDY DESIGN; EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL; EXPLAIN?

Answer 16

THE QUANTITATIVE STRAND IS ANALYSED AND INTERPRETED FIRST. THESE DATA THEN INFORM THE SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR THE QUALITATIVE STRAND. THE INTENT IS TO USE THE QUALITATIVE STRAND TO PROVIDE A MORE IN DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF THE QUANTITATIVE

Question 17

MMR STUDY DESIGN; EXPLORATORY SEQUENTIAL; EXPLAIN?

Answer 17

THE QUALITATIVE STRAND IS ANALYSED AND INTERPRETED FIRST. THESE DATA THEN INFORM THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT SURVEY AND THE DATA SAMPLING PROCEDURES. THE INTENT IS TO USE THE QUALITATIVE STRAND TO DEVELOP QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS.

Question 18

MMR STUDY DESIGN; EMBEDDED QUANTITATIVE DOMINANT; EXPLAIN?

Answer 18

THE QUANTITATIVE STRAND IS ANALYSED AND INTERPRETED FIRST. THESE DATA THEN INFORM THE SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR THE QUALITATIVE STRAND. INTENT IS TO USE QUALITATIVE DATA TO PROVIDE A MORE IN DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF THE QUANTITATIVE DATA

Question 19

MMR STUDY DESIGNS; EMBEDDED-QUALITATIVE DOMINANT; EXPLAIN?

Answer 19

NARRATIVE DATA FROM THE QUALITATIVE WORK ARE ANALYSED FOR THEMES RELATED TO PERCEPTIONS, BELIEFS AND PRACTICES. DATA FROM THE QUANTITATIVE STRAND CAN BE USED TO THEORISE THE POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS FOR THE EMERGENT THEMES FROM QUALITATIVE STUDIES.

Question 20

WHICH MMR STUDY DESIGN IS RELATED TO PERCEPTION, BELIEFS AND PRACTICES?

Answer 20

EMBEDDED-QUALITATIVE DOMAIN

Question 21

WHICH OTHER MMR STUDY DESIGN RESEMBLES EMBEDDED QUANTITATIVE DOMINANT DESIGN?

Answer 21

EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL

Question 22

MMR STUDY DESIGNS; MULTIPHASE; EXPLAIN?

Answer 22

• COMPLEX DESIGN
• REQUIRED AN INTEGRATIVE MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH ANALYTIC APPROACH
• GOAL IS TO PROMOTE THE TRANSFER AND INTERCHANGE OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE FORMS OF DATA WITHIN AND ACROSS EACH PHASE OF RESEARCH, AS WELL AS WITHIN AND AMONG EACH SAMPLING LEVEL (I.E. ORGANISATION, PROVIDER, PATIENT)
• BOTH STRANDS EQUALLY DOMINANT, A COMBINATION USED
• 3 PHASES AND 3 LEVELS (ORGANISATION, PROVIDER, PATIENTS)

Question 23

LIMITATION OF MIXED METHOD RESEARCH COMPARED TO SINGLE APPROACH RESEARCH STUDIES:

Answer 23

• CAN BE VERY COMPLEX
• TAKES MUCH MORE TIME AND RESOURCES
• MIGHT BE HARD TO PLAN AND IMPLEMENT ONE METHOD BY DRAWING ON THE FINDINGS OF ANOTHER
• IT MAY BE UNCLEAR HOW TO RESOLVE THE DISCREPANCIES THAT ARISE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE FINDINGS