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FOO > PRINCIPLES OF MALABSORPTION > Flashcards

PRINCIPLES OF MALABSORPTION Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE SITE OF ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES?

A

JEJUNUM

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE SITE OF ABSORPTION OF PROTEINS AND LIPIDS?

A

ILEUM

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3
Q

WHICH NUTRIENTS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN AT THE BRUSH BORDER OF THE ENTEROCYTES?

A

SMALL PEPTIDES, TRIGLYCERIDES AND DISSACHARIDES

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4
Q

ALL THE ABSORBED MOLECULES NEED TO EXIT THE ENTEROCYTES VIA THE BASOLATERAL MEMBRANE TO REACH THE BLOODSTREAM? WHAT MECHANISM IS USED TO FACILITATE THIS?

A

PASSIVE DIFFUSION OR FACILITATED TRANSPORT

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5
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE MOLECULE THAT FACILITATES GLUCOSE AND GALACTOSE TRANSPORT?

A

SGLT-1

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS OF MALABSORPTION?

A

MALNUTRITION LEADING TO ANEMIA, OSTEOPOROSIS, MISCARRIAGES, LIVER DISEASE, CANCER…

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MALABSORPTION IN IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN?

A

ABDOMINAL BLOATING AND PAIN, CHRONIC DIARRHEA, VOMITING, CONSTIPATION, STEATORRHEA, WEIGHT LOSS, FAILURE TO THRIVE

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8
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MALABSORPTION IN ADULTS?

A

WEIGHT LOSS, STEATORRHEA, BONE OR JOINT PAIN, IRON DEFICIENCY AND ANEMIA, LOSS OF BONE MINERALS, FATIGUE, DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, INFERTILITY, MISSED PERIODS, SEIZURE, ITCHY SKIN RASH (!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

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9
Q

WHAT IS MALABSORPTION?

A

PATHOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE WITH DIGESTION (INTRALUMINAL PROCESS), ABSORPTION (MUCOSAL PROCESS) AND/OR TRANSPORT (POST-MUCOSAL PROCESS)

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10
Q

SOME EXAMPLES OF WHAT CAN CAUSE INTESTINAL MALABSORPTION:

A
  • digestive failure caused by enzyme deficiencies
  • structural defects or mucosal abnormalities
  • failure to remove absorbed substances from the interstitial fluid
  • infective agents
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11
Q

ALPHA AMYLASE SECRETED IN THE MOUTH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT PERCENTAGE OF STARCH DIGESTION?

A

15%

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12
Q

WHAT IS DUMPING SYNDROME?

A

A DISORDER IN WHICH GASTRIC MOTILITY (STOMACH) IS VERY INCREASED, SO THE STOMACH RAPIDLY EMPTIES IN THE DUODENUM LEADING TO DIARRHEA.

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13
Q

ABSORPTION OF WHICH VITAMIN WILL BE IMPAIRED IF THERE ARE DEFECTS IN GASTRIC SECRETIONS, AND HOW MUCH CAN IT BE REDUCED BY?

A

B12, 70%

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14
Q

WHERE IS VITAMIN B12 STORED?

A

IN THE LIVER

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH (SIBO)?

A

INCREASED GUT BACTERIA POPULATION WHICH UTILIZE NUTRIENTS IN THE LUMEN FOR THEIR OWN METABOLISM.
UNDIGESTED FOOD SLOWS DOWN THE INTESTINE MOTILITY AND INCREASES CONTACT BETWEEN BACTERIA AND FOOD, RESULTING IN PRODUCTION OF GAS, SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ETC.
CAUSES ARE: LOW GASTRIC ACID LEVELS (!HYPOCHLORIDIA!), DECREASE IN MUSCULAR ACTIVITY, ANATOMIC ABNORMALITIES, IMPAIRED IMMUNE SYSTEM

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE INTESTINAL DYSFUNCTIONS THAT CAN CAUSE MALABSORPTION?

A
  • MUCOSA STRUCTURAL IMPAIRMENT
  • BARIATRIC SURGERY (GASTRIC BYPASS; site of absorption partially removed)
  • SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME (SBS; complete or nearly complete resection of the small intestine, ie 70% or more)
17
Q

WHICH PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE ARE CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, IRON AND FOLATE PREDOMINANTLY ABSORBED IN?

A

DUODENUM

18
Q

NAME SOME VITAMINS THAT ARE ABSORBED ALONG THE ENTIRE SMALL INTESTINE

A

B1, B2, B6 and C

19
Q

IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, WHAT’S THE AMOUNT OF TOTAL PANCREATIC ENZYMES SECRETED AFTER A MEAL COMPARED TO THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY NEEDED?

A

IT’S 10 TIMES WHAT IT NEEDS TO BE

20
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY (EPI)?

A 
PANCREATIC CANCER (50-65%), CHRONIC PANCREATITIS OR CYSTIC FIBROSIS (IN CHILDREN ACCOUNTS FOR 80-90% OF THE CASES)
\+ EPI IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH: COELIAC DISEASE AND IBS
21
Q

HOW IS THE RETURN OF SECONDARY BILE ACIDS FROM THE INTESTINE TO THE LIVER CALLED?

A

ENTEROHEPATIC RETURN

22
Q

LIPID MALABSORPTION CAN RESULT IN LOSS OF HOW MUCH LIPIDS PER DAY?

A

30g

23
Q

WHAT IS CREATORRHEA AND HOW IS IT DETERMINED?

A

PRESENCE OF PROTEIN IN STOOL, MEASURED BY NITROGEN

24
Q

EPI COMMONLY RESULTS IN MALABSORPTION OF WHICH MAIN NUTRIENT?

A

PROTEIN

25
Q

WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY AND WHAT ARE THE SECONDARY CAUSES OF CARBOHYDRATE MALABSORPTION?

A

PRIMARY: LACK OF ENZYMES OR THEIR POOR EXPRESSION OR DECREASE IN NUTRIENT TRANSPORTERS
SECONDARY: DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRMENT OF THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA

FOO (57 decks)

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