SCREENING AND MEASUREMENT OF MALNUTRITION

Question 1

EXAMPLES OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY?

Answer 1

DEPRESSION, STROKE, PULMONARY DISEASE, CVD…

Question 2

PERCENTAGE OF UK POPULATION WHO ARE SEVERELY OBESE?

Answer 2

CCA 3%

Question 3

HOW MUCH DOES OBESITY DECREASE LIFE EXPECTANCY?

Answer 3

ON AVERAGE 3 YEARS (IN SEVERE CASES UP TO 8-10 YRS)

Question 4

WEIGHT LOSS OF HOW MUCH PERCENT CAN LEAD TO REDUCTION OF T2D AND CVD IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS?

Answer 4

5-10%

20% IF SEVERELY OBESE

Question 5

WHICH PART OF THE BRAIN HAS A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF CELLS THAT RESPOND TO FAT CONTENT OF FOOD?

Answer 5

THE AMYGDALA

Question 6

KEY COMPONENT IN MYELIN SHEATHING SURROUNDING NEURONS IS?

Answer 6

FAT

Question 7

WHAT IS CONSIDERED A BIGGER PROBLEM IN THE UK: UNDERNUTRITION/MALNUTRITION OR OBESITY?

Answer 7

UNDERNUTRITION

Question 8

1 IN HOW MANY PEOPLE IN THE UK ARE AFFECTED BY UNDERNUTRITION?

Answer 8

1:20

Question 9

WHICH 3 MAIN CONSEQUENCES ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERNUTRITION MAKE IT MORE COSTLY THAN OBESITY?

Answer 9

• INCREASED HEALTH SERVICE USE
• HIGH COSTS TO THE HEALTH CARE SERVICES
• IMPACT ON CARERS

Question 10

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS ADMITTED IN THE UK ARE MALNOURISHED?

Answer 10

34%

Question 11

WHICH AGE GROUP HAS THE HIGHEST RECORDED NUMBER OF MALNUTRITION CASES?

Answer 11

65+

Question 12

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE ORGANISATION THAT DEVELOPED ‘MUST’ AND WHAT IS IT USED FOR AND WHEN?

Answer 12

ORGANISATION –> BAPEN

MUST IS AN UNIVERSAL SCREENING TOOL FOR MALNUTRITION WHICH SHOULD BE USED FOR ALL PATIENTS ADMITTED TO A HOSPITAL

Question 13

‘MUST’ SHOULD BE USED ON WHICH PATIENTS ADMITTED TO A HOSPITAL?

Answer 13

ALL

Question 14

GROWTH PATTERNS OF WELL-FED, HEALTHY CHILDREN ARE THE SAME FOR ALL RACES AND ETHNICITIES. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

WHO RECOMMENDED MEASURES TO QUANTIFY MALNUTRITION?

Answer 15

1) ANTHROPOMETRIC (WHO INTERNATIONAL REFERENCES FOR CHILDREN, BMI OR UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE FOR ADULTS)
2) BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS (BLOOD AND URINE SAMPLES)
3) CLINICAL INDICATORS (SYMPTOMS, E.G. GOITER FOR IODINE DEFICIENCY, NIGHT BLINDNESS FOR VIT A DEFICIENCY)

Question 16

BITOT’S SPOTS ARE A SIGN OF WHAT?

Answer 16

VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY

Question 17

MOST COMMON NUTRITION SCREENING TOOL IS:

Answer 17

BMI

Question 18

OBESITY STARTS WITH WHAT BMI?

Answer 18

30 (CLASS I OBESITY)

Question 19

3 MAIN METHODS FOR ESTIMATING HEIGHT?

Answer 19

ULNA LENGTH
KNEE LENGTH
DEMI SPAN

Question 20

FOR MATHEMATICAL ESTIMATION OF BODY WEIGHT A PERSON NEEDS TO BE WHICH HIGHT?

Answer 20

150cm+

Question 21

HOW IS ESTIMATING IDEAL WEIGHT FOR MALES DONE?

Answer 21

• FOR THE INITIAL 150 cm ALLOW 48 KG
• FOR EACH ADDITIONAL CM OF HEIGHT ADD 0.8 KG
• DEPENDING ON WHETHER A PERSON HAS A SMALL OR LARGE FRAME, SUBTRACT OR ADD 10%

Question 22

HOW IS ESTIMATING IDEAL WEIGHT FOR FEMALES DONE?

Answer 22

• FOR THE INITIAL 150 cm ALLOW 45 KG
• FOR EACH ADDITIONAL CM OF HEIGHT ADD 0.7 KG
• DEPENDING ON WHETHER A PERSON HAS A SMALL OR LARGE FRAME, SUBTRACT OR ADD 10%

Question 23

WHAT IS MID UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE USED TO DETERMINE?

Answer 23

CHANGES IN WEIGHT OVER TIME (RATHER THAN WEIGHT ITSELF)

Question 24

WHICH ARM IS USED FOR MEASURING MID.UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE?

Answer 24

NON-DOMINANT (USUALLY LEFT)

Question 25

WHICH MID UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE INDICATES BMI OVER 30, I.E. OBESITY?

Answer 25

MUAC > 32cm

Question 26

WHAT ARE SOME SURROGATE MEASURES TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF MALNUTRITION IN POPULATIONS WHERE ANTHROPOMETRIC, BIOCHEMICAL AND CLINICAL INDICATORS CANNOT BE ACQUIRED?

Answer 26

• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
• EARLY INITIATION OF BREASTFEEDING (WITHIN 1 HR)
• EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
• WHEN WERE SOLID, SEMI-SOLID AND SOFT FOODS INTRODUCED
• MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DIET

Question 27

WHAT BIRTH WEIGHT IS CONSIDERED LOW?

Answer 27

< 2,5KG

Question 28

IN THE ‘MUST’ SCREENING FOR MALNUTRITION TOOLS, WHICH SCORES CORRESPOND TO WHICH RISKS?

Answer 28

0: LOW RISK
1: MEDIUM RISK
2+: HIGH RISK