TEST #4 Vitamins German 12/2/16 Flashcards
Are vitamins organic or inorganic?
-Organic
What are vitamins essential to humans for?
-metabolic and cellular function
Can vitamins be produced in sufficient quantities within the body?
-No
How many essential vitamins are there?
13
What are four fat soluble vitamins?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
What are the 13 essential vitamins?
- Vit A
- Vit B1
- Vit B2
- Vit B3
- Vit B5
- Vit B6
- Vit B7
- Vit B9
- Vit B12
- Vit C
- Vit D
- Vit E
- Vit K
What type of vitamin has fatty acyl chains and are ingested as esters?
-Fat-soluble
What type of vitamin requires cholesterol and are integrated into micelles?
-Fat soluble
What type of vitamin are you more likely to have chronic and subacute toxicity?
-Fat soluble
What vitamin is folic acid?
-Vitamin B9
What vitamins have acute toxicity?
-Vit B3, B6, and C
What vitamin is retinol, retinal, carotenoids?
-Vit A
What vitamin is pantothenic acid?
-Vit B5
What vitamin is Riboflavin?
-Vit B2
What vitamin is thiamine?
-Vit B1
What vitamin is Niacin?
-Vit B3
What vitamin is Pyridoxine?
-Vit B6
What vitamin is Cyanocobalamin?
-Vit B12
What is the general function of Vitamin A?
- Required for normal vision,
- adaptive immunity,
- bone growth,
- cell membrane stability
What vitamin is taken in high dosages to treat acne?
-Vit A
How much vitamin A is the max you should take per day if you are pregnant?
-3 mg
What vitamin is necessary for vision?
-Vitamin A
What are the source for vitamin B1?
- Whole grain
- Meat
- Fish
If you have deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) what disease might you have?
- Beriberi
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
What is the general function of vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?
-Converted to thiamine pyrophosphate a cofactor used in enzymes involved in glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism
What is thiamine essential for?
-TPP used in pyruvate dehydrogenase
What is the general function for vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)?
-Converted to FMN and FAD, electron carriers central to the ETC
If you have endocrine disorders what vitamin are you deficient in?
-Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
-What is vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) essential for?
-Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
What is the general function of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?
-Converted to nicotinic acid to form NAD+ and NADP+
If you have deficiency of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) what disease do you have?
-Pellagra
What is the general function of Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)?
-Major component in Coenzyme A synthesis
What is the general function of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?
-Forms PLP and PMP that function as coenzymes, necessary for neurotransmitter synthesis
Why is PLP important?
-Essential for transaminase reactions
What is the general function of Vitamin B7 (Biotin)?
-Function as a cofactor for four carboxylases
What is vitamin B7 (Biotin) Essential for?
-Fatty acid synthesis
What is the general function of Vitamin B9 (Folate)?
-Forms tetrahydrofolate
What is the daily adequate intake of Vitamin B9 (Folate)?
-400 ug per day or 600 ug per day if pregnant
What is Vitamin B9 (Folate) Essential for?
-Amino Acid Metabolism
What vitamin does vitamin B9 (Folate) interact with?
-Vitamin B12 (Cobalamins)
What is the general function of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamins)?
-Function as a cofactor in methionine synthesis
What is the daily adequate intake of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamins)?
-2.4 ug per day
Why should you not take more than 1000 ug (1 mg) of folic acid per day?
-You will mask the anemia of a Vitamin B12 deficiency
What is the general function of Vitamin C?
-Provides antioxidant activity
What is the daily adequate intake of vitamin C?
-75 mg per day
What vitamin are you deficient in if you have scurvy?
-Vitamin C
What vitamin are you deficient in if you have megaloblastic anemia?
-Vitamin B12
If you take to much Vitamin C what can occur?
- Gout
- Renal failure
What are the general functions of Vitamin D?
-Hormonal control of Ca2+ and phosphate metabolism
What is the daily adequate intake of Vitamin D?
-15 ug per day
What vitamin deficiency leads to Rickets?
-Vitamin D
What is the general function of Vitamin E?
-Antioxidants that protect against LDL oxidation
What is the daily adequate intake of Vitamin E?
-15 mg per day
What are the deficiency symptoms of Vitamin E?
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Impaired immune response
What is the general function of Vitamin K?
-Required for clotting factors
What is the daily adequate intake of Vitamin K?
-90 ug per day
What are the deficiency symptoms of Vitamin K?
-Bleeding and hemorrhaging
If you mask the anemia of Vitamin B12 what will that lead to?
-Neurologic problem
What vitamin deficiency is associated with pellagra?
-Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
