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Biochem Human Form and Function > Male Repro Columbo TEST #3 11/1/16 > Flashcards

Male Repro Columbo TEST #3 11/1/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the head of the sperm contain?

A
  • Acrosome

- Genetic information

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2
Q

What is it called when the sperm breaks down the outer layer of the ovum?

A

-Acrosome reaction

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3
Q

What forms the centrioles in the fusion of the sperm and egg?

A

-Complex of microtubules

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4
Q

What is the cytoskeletal component of the sperm flagella that is formed from microtubules called?

A

-Axoneme

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5
Q

What is the max velocity of sperm?

A

1-4 mm/minute

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6
Q

T/F

The axoneme allows for movement and has lots of mitochondria located near it

A

True

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7
Q

What gives the sperm direction to move?

A

-Chemotactic sensors

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8
Q

What is movement by chemotactic sensors called?

A

-Gradient sensing

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9
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

around 13 yrs old

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10
Q

What influences spermatogenesis?

A

-Anterior pituitary (LH and FSH)

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11
Q

Where is the specific place in the testes that sperm is produced?

A

-Seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

What are seminiferous tubules lined with?

A

-Spermatogonia a type of germinal epithelial cell

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13
Q

How many cell layers in the spermatogonia?

A

2-3 cell layers

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14
Q

T/F

Spermatogonia proliferate to replace themselves

A

True

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15
Q

What surrounds the spermatogonia?

A

-Sertoli cells

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16
Q

What is the function of the Sertoli cells for the developing sperm?

A
  • Supply nutrients
  • Translocate differentiating sperm
  • Form blood-testis barrier
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17
Q

Why is the Sertoli cell border (blood-testis barrier) important?

A

-Sperm can cause an auto-immune reaction when exposed to blood

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18
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

-Testosterone

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19
Q

What causes Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

A

-Luteninizing hormone (LH)

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20
Q

What initiates puberty and spermatogenesis?

A

-Testosterone

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21
Q

How long does it take from start to finish for sperm to fully develop?

A

64 days

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22
Q

What is added to the sperm before it decouples from the Sertoli cell and enters the seminiferous tubule?

A

-Tail

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23
Q

T/F

Sperm are motile in the seminiferous tubules

A

False

They are not motile

24
Q

What produces Inhibin as a negative feedback that occurs in excess of FSH secretion?

A

-Sertoli cells

25
Q

What does FSH stimulate?

A

-Sertoli cells

26
Q

After sperm is in the seminiferous tubules what two structures does it pass through before getting to the epididymis?

A
  • Tubulus rectus (1st)

- Rete testis (2nd)

27
Q

What part before the epididymis helps reabsorb tubular fluid and concentrate the sperm?

A

-Rete Testis

28
Q

T/F

Sperm are capable of motility in the epididymis

A

True

-But they are inhibited by factors in the fluid

29
Q

From the epididymis where does the sperm go?

A

-Vas deferens

30
Q

How long can sperm be stored and still maintain their functionality?

A

-One month

31
Q

What is obstructed in a vasectomy?

A

-Vas deferens

32
Q

Where does sperm go from the vas deferens?

A

-Seminal vesicles

33
Q

What percent of seminal volume do the seminal vesicles contribute?

A

60-70 %

34
Q

What are three things that the seminal vesicles secrete?

A
  • Fructose
  • Prostaglandins
  • Fibrinogen
35
Q

What is the purpose of fructose being secreted into the sperm seamen mixture?

A

-Fuel for sperm motility

36
Q

What is the purpose of prostaglandins being secreted into the seamen?

A
  • Allows sperm ingress

- Propel sperm inward

37
Q

What is the purpose of Fibrinogen being secreted into the seamen?

A

-Be cleaved to form a clot

38
Q

After sperm passes the seminal vesicles where does it go?

A

-Ejaculatory duct

39
Q

From the ejaculatory duct where does sperm go?

A

-Past the prostate via internal urethra

40
Q

What does the prostate gland add?

A
  • Clotting enzymes
  • Pro-fibrinolysin
  • alkaloids
41
Q

What is the purpose of the clotting enzymes secreted from the prostate gland?

A

-Keep sperm in place

42
Q

What is the purpose of the pro-fibrinolysin secreted from the prostate gland?

A

-Break down the clot

43
Q

What percentage of product does the prostate gland contribute?

A

25-30%

44
Q

What is another name for bulbourethral glands?

A

-Cowpers glands

45
Q

What do bulbourethral glands do?

A

-Secrete pre-ejaculate

46
Q

What are the three glands that contribute to the sperm?

A
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate
  • Cowpers glands
47
Q

What is the pH of sperm?

A

-7.5

48
Q

How long can sperm survive in utero?

A

2-3 days

49
Q

What is it called when sperm enters the vagina and mobility inhibiting factors are washed away?

A

-Sperm capacitation

50
Q

What molecule causes a more vigorous motion in the flagella?

A

-Calcium

51
Q

T/F

Pre-ejaculate is released in response to parasympathetic nerves

A

True

52
Q

What hormones cause vasodilatation?

A
  • Ach

- Nitric oxide

53
Q

What two places fill with blood during an erection?

A
  • Corpora cavernosa

- Corpus spongiosum

54
Q

What allows the corpora cavernos and corpus spongiosum to expand without rupture?

A

-Dense fibrous coats

55
Q

What causes contractions of the vas deferens moving sperm towards the seminal vesicles in other words what causes emission?

A

-Sympathetic nervous system

56
Q

What two muscles control ejaculation?

A
  • Bulbospongiousus

- Ischiocavernosus

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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