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Biochem Human Form and Function > TEST #4 Pharmacology part II 11/29/16 Dr. Flekenstein > Flashcards

TEST #4 Pharmacology part II 11/29/16 Dr. Flekenstein Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

The concentration of a drug at a particular site is not related to its affinity

A

False

It is related to its affinity

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2
Q

The initial distribution of drug into tissues is determined by what?

A

Rate of blood flow

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3
Q

What is a topical drug?

A

-A drug that is applied to a surface

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4
Q

T/F

Plasma binding proteins and gastric emptying time can play a role in the effect of a drug

A

True

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5
Q

What is transdermal administration?

A

-A patch that releases slowly

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6
Q

What is a synonymous term for therapeutic range?

A

-Therapeutic window

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7
Q

What is a substance that brings about a change in biologic function through its chemical actions?

A

-Drug

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8
Q

What is a subset or compound of drugs used for selective, therapeutic effects?

A

-Medicine

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9
Q

What are chemicals not synthesized in the body?

A

-Xenobiotic

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10
Q

What is it called when you have unintended effects from a drug?

A

-Side Effect

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11
Q

What are four factors that effect the absorption of drugs in the blood?

A
  • Route of administration
  • Blood flow
  • Drug characteristics
  • Cell membrane characteristics
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12
Q

What are four important characteristics of drugs that deal with membrane diffusion?

A
  • Whether the drug is lipid soluble or water soluble

- size (large vs small)

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13
Q

T/F

Formulation, concentration and acidity are all important considerations to make when looking at drug characteristics.

A

True

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14
Q

What type of drugs are only soluble in lipids?

A

-non-ionized drugs

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15
Q

What is the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route?

A

-Bioavailability

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16
Q

If you do an intravenous injection what is your bioavailability?

A

-100%

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17
Q

What can effect bioavailability of a drug?

A
  • Drug dissolving in GI tract

- Drug destruction by liver

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18
Q

What is the measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain a drug?

A

-Volume of distribution

19
Q

How do you measure the volume of distribution?

A

-V= Amount of drug in body / concentration

20
Q

If you have a Vd of 3 L what does that mean?

A

-Drug stayed mainly in the plasma

21
Q

If you have a Vd of 14 L what does that mean?

A

-Drug was distributed into the extracellular space

22
Q

If you have a Vd of 42 L what does that mean?

A

-Drug was distributed into all of the total body water

23
Q

If you have an extremely high Vd such as 300 L what does that mean?

A

-The drug has accumulated into the fat

24
Q

If you have drugs with small volume of distribution what does that mean?

A

-Drugs are limited to certain areas within the body

25
Q

If you have drugs with a large volume of distribution what does that mean?

A

-The drug penetrates extensively into tissues throughout the body

26
Q

What do you use to calculate half life?

A

-Volume of distribution

27
Q

What is clearance of a drug?

A

-Rate of elimination

28
Q

How are drugs generally eliminated?

A

-Urine

29
Q

What are four places in the body that SLC and ABC transporters are used?

A
  • Small intestine
  • Liver
  • Kidney
  • Brain capilaries
30
Q

What do p-glycoproteins do?

A

-Transport drug molecule from cells back into the intestinal lumen for excretion

31
Q

What order of drug is it if a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time?

A

-Zero order

32
Q

T/F

Zero order drug is a process that takes place at a constant rate independent of drug concentration involved in process

A

True

33
Q

What order of drug is it when the process that is directly proportional to the drug concentration involved in process?

A

-First order

34
Q

What does metabolism of a drug mean?

A

-A change in the drug

35
Q

When you metabolize drugs what happens to its activity?

A

-Generally goes inactive but can sometimes become more active

36
Q

What does Phase I of hepatic metabolism mean?

A
  • Oxidation
  • Reduction
  • Hydrolysis
37
Q

What type of phase I metabolites are excreted?

A

-Hydrophilic metabolites all others go to phase II

38
Q

T/F

Cytochrome p450 is associated with microsomes

A

True

39
Q

What is a key molecule for drug metabolism (oxidation), biotransformation, and detoxification?

A

-Cyto p450

40
Q

When you have something that increases the activity of a particular p450 enzyme and thus increases metabolism and clearance of a drug what is that called?

A

-Inducer

41
Q

When you have something that inhibits the activity of a particular p450 enzyme and thus decreases metabolism and clearance of a drug what is that called?

A

-Inhibitor

42
Q

What occurs in phase II of hepatic metabolism?

A

-Conjugation that makes the drug more hydrophilic

43
Q

What are the seven types of conjugation found in phase II?

A
  • Glucuronidation
  • Acetylation
  • Glutathione
  • Glycine
  • Sulfation
  • Methylation
  • Water

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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