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Biochem Human Form and Function > Pharmacology Test #4 Dr. Flekenstein 11/28/16 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Test #4 Dr. Flekenstein 11/28/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharmacology

A

Branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs (Focus on therapeutic effects of drugs)

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2
Q

Define Toxicology

A

“The dose makes the poison”

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3
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

-The action of the body on drugs

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4
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

-The action of drugs on the body

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5
Q

Dose, Drug concentration, and Drug metabolism are examples of what?

A

-Pharmacokinetics

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6
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Elimination
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7
Q

What is an agonist?

A

-A drug or natural ligand

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8
Q

What do agonists do?

A

-Activate receptors (Rc)

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9
Q

If you have a log does on the x-axis what is typically the shape of the curve?

A

-Sigmoidal

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10
Q

What do antagonists do?

A

-Bind to receptors (Rc) but do not activate it

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11
Q

T/F

Antagonists interfere with agonists

A

True

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12
Q

What direction does the dose response curve shift if there are antagonists?

A

To the right

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13
Q

Where do allosteric activators bind?

A

-Somewhere away/different from the agonist site

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14
Q

What type of effect do you get from allosteric activators?

A

-Potentiates effects

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15
Q

Where does the allosteric inhibitor bind?

A

-Binds a receptor site separate from agonist site

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16
Q

Are allosteric inhibitors and activators competitive or competitive?

A

-Non-competitive

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17
Q

Is the active or inactive receptors usually favored?

A

-Inactive

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18
Q

T/F

There is always some active and inactive receptors at any given time

A

True

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19
Q

What do full agonists have a higher affinity for?

A

-Active receptor

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20
Q

What do partial agonists have an affinity for?

A

-Intermediate affintiy for Both Inactive and active receptors

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21
Q

What do inverse agonists have a higher affinity for?

A

-Inactive receptor

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22
Q

What does a conventional antagonists have an affinity for?

A

-Equal affinity for Ra and Ri

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23
Q

Drug concentration where effect or receptor occupancy are half maximal is the _____ and ____ respectively.

A
  • EC50

- Kd

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24
Q

What is Kd?

A

-Where 1/2 of receptors are bound

25
Q

What is EC 50?

A

-Concentration where you get 50% of drug effect

26
Q

What is Emax?

A

-Where you get your maximal effect

27
Q

What is IC50?

A

-The concentration of drug where you have 50% of effect blocked

28
Q

When you have an agonists with a competitive antagonist what happens to the EC50?

A

-Shifts to the right

29
Q

When you have an agonist with a noncompetitive antagonist what happens to the EC50?

A

-Doesn’t shift at all

30
Q

What is the plateau dose?

A

-Maximum effect

31
Q

What is the threshold dose?

A

-The smallest dose that causes a measurable effect

32
Q

If you can exert a maximum effect without all receptors being bound what does that mean?

A

-You have spare receptors

33
Q

If you put a partial agonist in with a full agonist what can occur?

A

-The partial agonist can inhibit some of the effect of the full agonist by occupying some of the receptors that the full agonist use leading to an intermediate effect

34
Q

T/F

With enough partial agonist you can have the same max effect as a full agonist

A

False

You can not get the same max effect as a full agonist

35
Q

What are the three types of drug-receptor interactions?

A
  • Additive
  • Synergistic
  • Antagonistic
36
Q

What is an additive drug-receptor interactions?

A

-Drug effect equals sum of individual effects. 1+1=2 Example: acetometaphine relieves 50% and Ibuprofen relieves 50% and together they relieves 100 %

37
Q

What is synergistic drug-receptor interactions?

A

-Effect is greater than sum (1+1=5)

38
Q

What is antagonistic drug-receptor interactions?

A

-Drug blocking ability (1+1=1/2)

39
Q

T/F

Chemical antagonists involve receptors

A

False

-They do not involve receptor

40
Q

T/F

Physiological antagonists involve endogenous regulatory pathways mediated by different receptors

A

True

41
Q

What refers to the number of receptors that must be activated to yield a maximum response?

A

-Efficacy

42
Q

What is efficacy?

A

-Maximum effect of drug

43
Q

If you have a drug with high efficacy what percentage of receptors do you need to stimulate?

A

-Small percentages

44
Q

If you have the relative concentrations of two or more drugs that produced the same drug effect what do you have?

A

-Potency

45
Q

Therapeutic index is calculated how?

A

-Toxic over Therapeutic (TD50/ED50)

46
Q

Do you want a higher or lower therapeutic index when making a drug?

A

-Higher (example 100 or 2)

47
Q

What does the therapeutic range fall between?

A

-Toxic dose and therapeutic dose

48
Q

T/F

You use your blood concentration to measure if you are in the therapeutic range

A

True

49
Q

What does a wide margin of safety mean?

A

-Large difference between toxic and therapeutic dose

50
Q

The amount of drug that gets to target are inversely proportional to what two things?

A
  • Distance from site

- Amount of tissue that it must pass through

51
Q

What is parenteral administration of a drug?

A

-Not by way of intestine or GI tract

52
Q

What is/are an/some example of a parenteral administration?

A
  • Intravenous (IV)
  • Intramuscular
  • Subcutaneous
53
Q

What is the fastest ways for drugs to be administered to the system?

A
  • IV

- Inhalation

54
Q

What is an advantage of intramuscular drug administrations?

A

-You can give large volumes

55
Q

What is enteral drug administration?

A

-By way of the intestine or GI tract

56
Q

What are examples of enteral drug aministrations?

A
  • Buccal or sublingual
  • Oral
  • Rectal
57
Q

What are three features of oral administration?

A
  • Most unpredictable
  • Absorption via duodenum
  • First pass metabolism
58
Q

What is first pass metabolism?

A

-The liver degrades drugs

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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