Amino Acid Metabolism 10/24/16 German TEST #3 Flashcards
What are the essential Amino Acids?
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Valine
- Phenylalanine
- Tryptophan
- Histidine
- Lysine
- Threonine
- Methionine
What are the non-essential amino acids?
- Alanine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Tyrosine
- Aspartic Acid
- Glutamic Acid
- Arginine
- Serine
- Cysteine
- Asparagine
- Glutamine
What are the four fates of dietary amino acids?
- Protein synthesis
- Energy production
- Biosynthesis
- Urea excretion
What are the three fates of dietary amino acids?
- Used for protein synthesis within cells
- Catabolized for energy within cells
- Transported to the liver and excreted
Where does most amino acid catabolism occur?
-Liver
What are four metabolically important amino acids?
- Glutamate
- Glutamine
- Aspartate
- Alanine
What does ammonia do to K+ uptake?
-Disrupt astrocyte K+ uptake
What does the high extracellular K+ levels do to GABA receptors?
Prevents GABA inhibition
How are amine groups stabilized in the body?
- Urea
- Uric acid
What are two common amino acid catabolism reactions?
- Transaminase reactions
- One-carbon transfers
What does PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) have to do with transaminase reactions?
- Common coenzyme
- Carrier of amino groups
What is an example of a transaminase reaction?
A-Ketoglutarate to Glutamate
How is intracelluar ammonia buffered?
By converting glutamate to gluatamine
What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
Why do you convert glutamate to glutamine to transport in the blood?
Glutamine is non-toxic
What enzyme converts glutamate to glutamine?
Glutamine synthetase
How does alanine help transport ammonium to the liver?
Glucose-Alanine cycle
How is alanine made?
By an aminotransferase cycle with pyruvate to alanine from glutamate to A-ketoglutarate
When does the glucose alanine cycle occur?
-Anaerobic states
What other cycle does the glucose alanine cycle coincide with?
Cori Cycle
What does the urea cycle ultimately secrete?
Liver Nitrogen