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Biochem Human Form and Function > Gluconeogenesis/Glycolysis German 9/18/16 > Flashcards

Gluconeogenesis/Glycolysis German 9/18/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step of Glycolysis?

A

Go from Glucose to Glucose 6-phosphate

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2
Q

In the first step of glycolysis you go from glucose to what molecule?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate

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3
Q

In glycolysis what enzyme is responsible for getting from glucose to glucose 6-phosphate?

A

Hexokinase

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4
Q

What is the second step of glycolysis?

A

Go from Glucose 6-phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate

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5
Q

In the second step of glycolysis you go from glucose 6-phosphate to what molecule?

A

Fructose 6-phosphate

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6
Q

What enzyme in glycolysis is responsible for going from glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate?

A

Phosphohexose Isomerase

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7
Q

What is the third step of glycolysis?

A

Go from Fructose 6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

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8
Q

In the third step of glycolysis you go from Fructose 6-phosphate to what molecule?

A

Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

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9
Q

What enzyme in glycolysis is responsible for going from fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

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10
Q

What is the fourth step in glycolysis?

A

Go from Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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11
Q

In the fourth step of glycolysis you go from Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to what molecule?

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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12
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone?

A

Aldolase

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13
Q

What happens during the fifth step of glycolysis?

A

Go from Dihydroxyacetone to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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14
Q

In the fifth step of glycolysis you go from dihydroxyacetone to what molecule?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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15
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from Dihydroxyacetone to Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

A

Triose phosphate isomerase

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16
Q

What happens during the sixth step of glycolysis?

A

Go from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

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17
Q

In the sixth step of glycolysis you go from glyceraldehyde 3 -phosphate to what molecule?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

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18
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

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19
Q

What happens during the seventh step of glycolysis?

A

Go from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate

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20
Q

In the seventh step of glycolysis you go from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to what molecule?

A

3-phosphoglycerate

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21
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

A

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

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22
Q

What is the eighth step of glycolysis?

A

Go from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

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23
Q

In the eighth step of glycolysis you go from 3-phosphoglycerate to what molecule?

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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24
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

A

Phosphoglycerate mutase

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25
In the ninth step of glycolysis what happens?
Go from 2-Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenol-pyruvate
26
In the ninth step of glycolysis you go from 2-Phosphoglycerate to what molecule?
Phosphoenolpyruvate
27
What enzyme is responsible for going from 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate?
Enolase
28
In the tenth step of glycolysis what occurs?
Go from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
29
In the tenth step of glycolysis you go from phosphoenolpyruvate to what molecule?
Pyruvate
30
What is the enzyme responsible for going from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?
Pyruvate Kinase
31
How many steps and intermediaries are in glycolysis?
10 steps | 11 intermediaries
32
How many steps and intermediaries are in gluconeogenesis?
11 steps | 12 intermediaries
33
What is glycolysis?
Go from glucose to pyruvate
34
What is the first step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate
35
What enzyme is responsible for going from pyruvate to oxaloacetate?
Pyruvate carboxylase
36
What is the second step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
37
What enzyme is responsible for going from oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate?
PEP carboykinase
38
What is the third step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from phosphoenolpyruvate to 2-phosphoglycerate
39
What is the enzyme responsible for going from phosphoenolpyruvate to 2-phosphoglycerate?
Enolase
40
What is the fourth step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate
41
What is the enzyme responsible for going from 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?
Phophoglycerate mutase
42
What is the fifth step of gluconeogeneis?
Go from 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
43
What enzyme is responsible for going from 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
Phosphoglycerate kinase
44
What is the sixth step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
45
What enzyme is responsible for going from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
46
What is the seventh step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
47
What enzyme is responsible for going from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?
Triose phosphate isomerase
48
What is the eighth step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
49
What enzyme is responsible for going from dihydroxyacetone to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?
Aldolase
50
What is the ninth step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
51
What enzyme is responsible for going from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate?
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase-1
52
What is the tenth step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from Fructose 6-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate
53
What enzyme is responsible for going from fructose 6-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate?
Phosphohexose isomerase
54
What is the eleventh step of gluconeogenesis?
Go from glucose 6-phosphate to glucose
55
What enzyme is responsible for going from glucose 6-phosphate to glucose?
Glucose 6-phosphatase
56
How many pyruvate do you make per glucose molecule?
Two
57
What are the two regulated enzymes in determining glycolysis from gluconeogenesis?
- Phosphofructokinase 1 | - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1
58
What up regulates the activity of PFK-1?
ADP | AMP
59
What down regulates the activity of PFK-1?
ATP | Citrate
60
What up regulates the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme that converts Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate?
Excess of Acetyl-CoA
61
What metabolic pathway does an energy depletion lead to?
Glycolysis
62
What metabolic pathway does an energy excess lead to?
Gluconeogenesis
63
What does AMP Kinase (AMPK) detect?
Intracellular levels of AMP
64
What intracellular content regulates metabolic function?
ATP/AMP content
65
T/F If lots of ATP is consumed the relative change in the amount of AMP if way higher than the relative change in the amount of ATP
True
66
If we are in a feeding state what hormone is released?
Insulin
67
If we are in a fasting state what hormone is released?
Glucagon
68
During the feeding state what does the pancreas do?
Release insulin
69
During the fasting state what does the pancreas do?
Release glucagon
70
During the feeding state what does the liver do?
Glycogen and Fatty acid production
71
During the fasting state what does the liver do?
Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Ketone and glucose release
72
During the feeding state what does the adipose do?
Lipid storage - Glycolysis - Lipid production
73
During the fasting state what does the adipose do?
Fatty acid and glycerol release
74
During the feeding state what does the muscle do?
Glycolysis and glycogen formation
75
During the fasting state what does muscle do?
Ketone metabolism | Reduced glycolysis
76
What are the ultimate fates of glucose?
- Glycogen - Pyruvate - Precursor for synthesis (FA, AA, Nucleic Acids)
77
What hormone down regulates glycogen breakdown?
Insulin
78
What hormone up regulates glycogen synthesis?
Insulin
79
What hormone up regulates glycolysis?
Insulin
80
What hormone up regulates glycogen breakdown?
Glucagon
81
What hormone down regulates glycogen synthesis?
Glucagon
82
What hormone down regulates glycolysis?
Glucagon

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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