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Biochem Human Form and Function > Gluconeogenesis/Glycolysis German 9/18/16 > Flashcards

Gluconeogenesis/Glycolysis German 9/18/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step of Glycolysis?

A

Go from Glucose to Glucose 6-phosphate

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2
Q

In the first step of glycolysis you go from glucose to what molecule?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate

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3
Q

In glycolysis what enzyme is responsible for getting from glucose to glucose 6-phosphate?

A

Hexokinase

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4
Q

What is the second step of glycolysis?

A

Go from Glucose 6-phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate

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5
Q

In the second step of glycolysis you go from glucose 6-phosphate to what molecule?

A

Fructose 6-phosphate

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6
Q

What enzyme in glycolysis is responsible for going from glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate?

A

Phosphohexose Isomerase

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7
Q

What is the third step of glycolysis?

A

Go from Fructose 6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

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8
Q

In the third step of glycolysis you go from Fructose 6-phosphate to what molecule?

A

Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

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9
Q

What enzyme in glycolysis is responsible for going from fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

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10
Q

What is the fourth step in glycolysis?

A

Go from Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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11
Q

In the fourth step of glycolysis you go from Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to what molecule?

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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12
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone?

A

Aldolase

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13
Q

What happens during the fifth step of glycolysis?

A

Go from Dihydroxyacetone to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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14
Q

In the fifth step of glycolysis you go from dihydroxyacetone to what molecule?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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15
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from Dihydroxyacetone to Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

A

Triose phosphate isomerase

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16
Q

What happens during the sixth step of glycolysis?

A

Go from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

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17
Q

In the sixth step of glycolysis you go from glyceraldehyde 3 -phosphate to what molecule?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

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18
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

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19
Q

What happens during the seventh step of glycolysis?

A

Go from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate

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20
Q

In the seventh step of glycolysis you go from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to what molecule?

A

3-phosphoglycerate

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21
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

A

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

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22
Q

What is the eighth step of glycolysis?

A

Go from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

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23
Q

In the eighth step of glycolysis you go from 3-phosphoglycerate to what molecule?

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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24
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

A

Phosphoglycerate mutase

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25
Q

In the ninth step of glycolysis what happens?

A

Go from 2-Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenol-pyruvate

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26
Q

In the ninth step of glycolysis you go from 2-Phosphoglycerate to what molecule?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

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27
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

Enolase

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28
Q

In the tenth step of glycolysis what occurs?

A

Go from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

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29
Q

In the tenth step of glycolysis you go from phosphoenolpyruvate to what molecule?

A

Pyruvate

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30
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for going from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?

A

Pyruvate Kinase

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31
Q

How many steps and intermediaries are in glycolysis?

A

10 steps

11 intermediaries

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32
Q

How many steps and intermediaries are in gluconeogenesis?

A

11 steps

12 intermediaries

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33
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Go from glucose to pyruvate

34
Q

What is the first step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate

35
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

36
Q

What is the second step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate

37
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

PEP carboykinase

38
Q

What is the third step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from phosphoenolpyruvate to 2-phosphoglycerate

39
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for going from phosphoenolpyruvate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

A

Enolase

40
Q

What is the fourth step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate

41
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for going from 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?

A

Phophoglycerate mutase

42
Q

What is the fifth step of gluconeogeneis?

A

Go from 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

43
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase

44
Q

What is the sixth step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

45
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

A

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

46
Q

What is the seventh step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

47
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

A

Triose phosphate isomerase

48
Q

What is the eighth step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

49
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from dihydroxyacetone to Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

A

Aldolase

50
Q

What is the ninth step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

51
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate?

A

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase-1

52
Q

What is the tenth step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from Fructose 6-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate

53
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from fructose 6-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate?

A

Phosphohexose isomerase

54
Q

What is the eleventh step of gluconeogenesis?

A

Go from glucose 6-phosphate to glucose

55
Q

What enzyme is responsible for going from glucose 6-phosphate to glucose?

A

Glucose 6-phosphatase

56
Q

How many pyruvate do you make per glucose molecule?

A

Two

57
Q

What are the two regulated enzymes in determining glycolysis from gluconeogenesis?

A
  • Phosphofructokinase 1

- Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1

58
Q

What up regulates the activity of PFK-1?

A

ADP

AMP

59
Q

What down regulates the activity of PFK-1?

A

ATP

Citrate

60
Q

What up regulates the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme that converts Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate?

A

Excess of Acetyl-CoA

61
Q

What metabolic pathway does an energy depletion lead to?

A

Glycolysis

62
Q

What metabolic pathway does an energy excess lead to?

A

Gluconeogenesis

63
Q

What does AMP Kinase (AMPK) detect?

A

Intracellular levels of AMP

64
Q

What intracellular content regulates metabolic function?

A

ATP/AMP content

65
Q

T/F If lots of ATP is consumed the relative change in the amount of AMP if way higher than the relative change in the amount of ATP

A

True

66
Q

If we are in a feeding state what hormone is released?

A

Insulin

67
Q

If we are in a fasting state what hormone is released?

A

Glucagon

68
Q

During the feeding state what does the pancreas do?

A

Release insulin

69
Q

During the fasting state what does the pancreas do?

A

Release glucagon

70
Q

During the feeding state what does the liver do?

A

Glycogen and Fatty acid production

71
Q

During the fasting state what does the liver do?

A

Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Ketone and glucose release

72
Q

During the feeding state what does the adipose do?

A

Lipid storage

  • Glycolysis
  • Lipid production
73
Q

During the fasting state what does the adipose do?

A

Fatty acid and glycerol release

74
Q

During the feeding state what does the muscle do?

A

Glycolysis and glycogen formation

75
Q

During the fasting state what does muscle do?

A

Ketone metabolism

Reduced glycolysis

76
Q

What are the ultimate fates of glucose?

A
  • Glycogen
  • Pyruvate
  • Precursor for synthesis (FA, AA, Nucleic Acids)
77
Q

What hormone down regulates glycogen breakdown?

A

Insulin

78
Q

What hormone up regulates glycogen synthesis?

A

Insulin

79
Q

What hormone up regulates glycolysis?

A

Insulin

80
Q

What hormone up regulates glycogen breakdown?

A

Glucagon

81
Q

What hormone down regulates glycogen synthesis?

A

Glucagon

82
Q

What hormone down regulates glycolysis?

A

Glucagon

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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