Chemical Reactions German Flashcards
What is Delta G?
Free Energy
What is Delta H
Enthalpy (Heat)
What is T?
Temperature
What is Delta S?
Entropy
T/F Free energy is released or consumed to perform work?
True
What happens if you have a (-) Delta G?
The reaction moves forward
What happens if you have a (+) Delta G?
The reaction moves in reverse
What are five common types of biochemical reaction?
Making and Breaking Carbon bonds Molecular Re-arrangements Free Radical Reactions Group Transfers REDOX
What are two ways to make or break carbon bonds?
Condensation
Carboxylation/Decarboxylation
What is Condensation?
Two molecules join to create a larger molecule
Also form a small molecule byproduct
What is carboxylation/decarboxylation?
Addition or removal of a carboxyl group
What type of biochemical reaction is it when you go from glucose to fructose?
Molecular rearragements
What is a free radical?
A molecule containing an unpaired electon
What enzyme is responsible for phosphorylation?
Kinase
What enzyme is responsible for ubiquitination?
Ubiquitin Ligase
What enzyme is responsible for acetylation?
Acetyltransferase
What enzyme is responsible for methylation?
Methyltransferase
What enzyme is responsible for Hydroxylation?
Hydroxylase
What is the most common group transfer energy source?
ATP
What is a REDOX reaction?
Paired of reactions that move electrons to perform work
What are four ways to transfer electrons?
Direct electron transfer
Hydride Ions
Hydrogen atom transfer
Combination with oxygen
What is Reduction?
Loading a molecule with electrons
What is oxidation?
Removing electrons from a molecule
What does reduction do with free energy?
It requires free energy (Delta G goes up)
What does oxidation do with free energy?
It releases energy (Delta G goes down)
Are reduced carbon chains energy rich?
YES
Dopamine quinone formation is an example of which type of biochemical reaction?
Free Radical
What is a major REDOX reaction that occurs in biological systems?
Electron Transport Chain
What does the phosphate transfer system ultimately drive?
Signal Transduction
T/F The electrophile attacks the nucleophile?
False
The nucleophile attacks the electophile
