Lipids Flashcards
Why are lipids and fatty acids important?
Store energy
Form membranes
Carry info and signal
Surfactants
What is an example of something lipids carry info for and signal?
Inflammation
What are some additional services that lipids and fatty acids are used for?
Vitamins
Enzyme cofactors
Color ants
What is a fatty acid?
Carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain
What are three types of fatty acids?
Saturated
Unsaturated
Polyunsaturated
What type of unsaturated fatty acid does the body produce?
Cis
What is an example of a storage lipid?
Triacylglycerols
Membrane lipids are polar or non polar?
Polar
What type of lipid is not found in biological membranes?
Storage lipids (triglycerides)
Are storage lipids polar or non polar?
Non polar
What is the primary energy storage molecule?
Triglycerides
What are triglycerides important for organ systems?
They are the primary source of energy
Where do you get fatty acids from?
Dietary fats
Dietary carbohydrates and proteins
What transfers free fatty acids?
Albumin
What transfers triglycerides from adipose tissue to other cells?
Lipoproteins
What are three types of membranes formed by lipids?
Micelle
Bilateral
Vesicle
What are three major membrane lipids?
Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Glycolipids
What makes a phospholipid?
Phosphate group
Glycerol or sphingosine linker
What makes a sphingolipid?
One sphingosine
One fatty acid
And a head group ( phosphate, glucose, polysaccharide)
What is the function of sphingolipids?
Direct signaling activity
What is the function of glycolipids?
Anchor proteins to membranes
Cell identification
Sterols are necessary for what process?
Endocytosis
What are functions of sterols?
Increase membrane rigidity
Reduce membrane permeability
Lipid raft constituent
What are three inflammatory lipids?
Prostaglandin
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes
What makes a nucleotide?
Pentose ring
Base
Phosphate group
What makes a nucleic acid?
Nucleotides connected by a phosphodiester bond.
What is the foundational molecule of life?
Nucleotides
What are the functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids?
Information transfer
Energy transfer
Signal transduction
What direction is the genetic code read?
5’ to 3’
What does RNA have that DNA doesn’t?
OH on 2’
Uridine instead of thymidine
What are the two main sources of energy for life?
Light
Chemical
How do prokaryotes replicate?
Binary fission
Do eukaryotic cells have cell walls?
No
Where do you find DNA in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
How do prokaryotes obtain genetic diversity?
Mutation
What do you find in a gram positive bacteria?
Exposed glycoproteins layer
Thick peptidoglycan layer
What happens if the plasma membrane is too fluid?
Loss of barrier function
What happens if the plasma membrane is too rigid?
Restricts cell shape and transport
What is a lipid raft?
An area that is cholesterol and sphingolipid rich
What does a lipid raft do?
Limits fluidity
Regulates signal transduction and endocytosis
What is endocytosis?
Internalization of the plasma membrane
Where is the first place something that is endocytosed goes in the cell?
Early endosome
