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Biochem Human Form and Function > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Why are lipids and fatty acids important?

A

Store energy
Form membranes
Carry info and signal
Surfactants

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2
Q

What is an example of something lipids carry info for and signal?

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

What are some additional services that lipids and fatty acids are used for?

A

Vitamins
Enzyme cofactors
Color ants

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4
Q

What is a fatty acid?

A

Carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain

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5
Q

What are three types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated
Unsaturated
Polyunsaturated

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6
Q

What type of unsaturated fatty acid does the body produce?

A

Cis

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7
Q

What is an example of a storage lipid?

A

Triacylglycerols

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8
Q

Membrane lipids are polar or non polar?

A

Polar

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9
Q

What type of lipid is not found in biological membranes?

A

Storage lipids (triglycerides)

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10
Q

Are storage lipids polar or non polar?

A

Non polar

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11
Q

What is the primary energy storage molecule?

A

Triglycerides

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12
Q

What are triglycerides important for organ systems?

A

They are the primary source of energy

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13
Q

Where do you get fatty acids from?

A

Dietary fats

Dietary carbohydrates and proteins

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14
Q

What transfers free fatty acids?

A

Albumin

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15
Q

What transfers triglycerides from adipose tissue to other cells?

A

Lipoproteins

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16
Q

What are three types of membranes formed by lipids?

A

Micelle
Bilateral
Vesicle

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17
Q

What are three major membrane lipids?

A

Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Glycolipids

18
Q

What makes a phospholipid?

A

Phosphate group

Glycerol or sphingosine linker

19
Q

What makes a sphingolipid?

A

One sphingosine
One fatty acid
And a head group ( phosphate, glucose, polysaccharide)

20
Q

What is the function of sphingolipids?

A

Direct signaling activity

21
Q

What is the function of glycolipids?

A

Anchor proteins to membranes

Cell identification

22
Q

Sterols are necessary for what process?

A

Endocytosis

23
Q

What are functions of sterols?

A

Increase membrane rigidity
Reduce membrane permeability
Lipid raft constituent

24
Q

What are three inflammatory lipids?

A

Prostaglandin
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes

25
Q

What makes a nucleotide?

A

Pentose ring
Base
Phosphate group

26
Q

What makes a nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides connected by a phosphodiester bond.

27
Q

What is the foundational molecule of life?

A

Nucleotides

28
Q

What are the functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids?

A

Information transfer
Energy transfer
Signal transduction

29
Q

What direction is the genetic code read?

A

5’ to 3’

30
Q

What does RNA have that DNA doesn’t?

A

OH on 2’

Uridine instead of thymidine

31
Q

What are the two main sources of energy for life?

A

Light

Chemical

32
Q

How do prokaryotes replicate?

A

Binary fission

33
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have cell walls?

A

No

34
Q

Where do you find DNA in prokaryotes?

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

How do prokaryotes obtain genetic diversity?

A

Mutation

36
Q

What do you find in a gram positive bacteria?

A

Exposed glycoproteins layer

Thick peptidoglycan layer

37
Q

What happens if the plasma membrane is too fluid?

A

Loss of barrier function

38
Q

What happens if the plasma membrane is too rigid?

A

Restricts cell shape and transport

39
Q

What is a lipid raft?

A

An area that is cholesterol and sphingolipid rich

40
Q

What does a lipid raft do?

A

Limits fluidity

Regulates signal transduction and endocytosis

41
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Internalization of the plasma membrane

42
Q

Where is the first place something that is endocytosed goes in the cell?

A

Early endosome

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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