12/6/16 Columbo Mendelian genetics TEST FINAL Flashcards
What are phenotypes?
-Physical traits that are expressed
What is tooth agenesis?
-Failure of a tooth to form
What are mendelians three laws?
- Law of segregation
- Law of independent assortment
- Law of dominance
What is the law of segregation?
Factors for each trait segregate, such that each gamete carries only one factor for each trait
What is the law of independent assortment?
-Each factor that segregates does so independently
What is the law of dominance?
-The dominant trait will always be expressed when present
What are alleles?
-Different forms of a gene
T/F
The number of combinations depend on the number of alleles we are considering
True
What is genotype?
-What alleles are present
In the F1 generation when is the phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive if both parents are homozygous (one dominant and one recessive)?
- 4 Dominant
- 0 Recessive
What laws do you see if you breed two homozygous parents for one set of alleles? (one parent dominant homozygous one parent recessive homozygous)
- 1st and 3rd law
- You don’t see the second because there is only one trait
In the F2 generation when you breed two heterzygotes what is the phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive?
- 3 dominant
- 1 recessive
T/F
Genetic variation is extremely important to resist some type of disease from wiping out the entire population
True
What are the four genotypes of blood?
- A
- B
- AB
- O
In blood what are the dominant types?
- A
- B
Blood is an example of what type of non-mendelian genetics?
-Co-Dominance
What type of non-mendelian genetics give you a “pink flower” when there is no allele for pink flowers?
-Incomplete dominance
What is it called when different cells in the body have different genotypes and thus express different phenotypes?
-Mosaicism
What do you need to have Mosaicism?
-2 copies of the X allele
In a women when you have 2 X chromosomes and one becomes inactive what is the inactive one called?
-Barr Body
If you have a Y linked trait who does it get passed onto?
-Male offspring
If you have X-linked dominant traits on the father who does he pass it to?
-To his daughters, but not his sons
If you have X-linked dominant traits on the mother who does she pass it to?
-50-100% of all offspring depending on her genotype
If you have X-linked recessive traits what gender will they predominate in?
-Males
What type of non-mendelian inheritance are factors passed from the cytoplasm?
-Extra nuclear inheritance (mitochondria DNA all comes from the ova)
What type of non-mendelian inheritance are integrated traits introduced by a virus and are passed along the germ line?
Infectious Heredity
What type of non-mendelian inheritance is a recombination event where DNA sequence from one homologous chromosome can replace a sequence on its counterpart?
-Gene Conversion
