Tectonic Hazards Flashcards
why do plates move
due to the movement of liquid magma creating convection currents
describe how convection current works
- core heats up magma in mantle
- causes the hot magma to rise to top because it is less dense
- cools at the top
- sinks back to bottom as it is more dense
- it is heated again and cycle repeats
- the plates are pushed and pulled up and down by the convection currents in the magma
what is the oceanic crust and the continental crust
found underneath the oceans.
found under land masses or continents
where are earthquakes found
all types of plate margins due to plate movements that cause vibration
where are volcanoes found
only constructive and destructive plate margins.
not always found on plate margins as magma breaks down through middle of plate and travels to surface - hotspot
what are constructive plates
plates move apart from one another. magma from the mantle rises up lava pours out can be volcano or earthquake lava cools forming rock and sea floor spreading
what are destructive plates
- plates move towards each other
- ## one subducts under the other
what are destructive plates
- plates move towards each other
- one subduct under the other
- friction causes earthquakes
- one crust melts and causing magma to form
- pressure builds up due to magma under crust
- magma push up creating volcanoes
what are conservative plates
when plates move in opposite directions
friction builds up between plates
causes sudden jolt
releases energy sending vibrations - earthquake
on oceanic crust creates tsunamis due to displacement of water
no volcanoes as magma isn’t produced
What are the primary effects of Haiti earthquake
- number of people killed?
- How many homeless
- how many homes and building destroyed
- services destroyed
- 250,000 people killed
- 1,000,000 displaced
- 250,000 homes destroyed whilst 30,000 buildings destroyed
- 50 hospitals and 1300 school damaged
what were the secondary effects to Haiti earthquake
1, jobs
2. disease
3. aiding
- 1-5 jobs were lost because buildings destroyed
- disease such as cholera
- airports destroyed or damaged so hard to aid the area
what are the immediate responses to Haiti
- money
- homes
- shelter
- services
- 100$ million aid by USA and 330$ by European
- 810,000 in aid camps
- 115000 tents
- healthcare to cure diseases
- due to poor planning may have been bad response
what are the long term responses to Haiti
- roads
- jobs
- services
- sanitisation
- roads were littered with rubble: 98% hadn’t been cleared up
- 1,000,000 still displaced so live in aid camps
- 70% of population cash/ food for work projects
- temporary schools
- water and sanitisation for 1.7 million
What are the primary effects of japan earthquake
- dead injured missing
- homes damage
- roads
- economic
- 16,000 died , 6000 injured , 3000 missing
- 300,000 buildings destroyed and 1 million damaged
- 400 roads damaged
- total damage = 300$ billion
what were the secondary effects of japan earthquake
- energy
- power
aftermath
- 4.4 million had no electricity
- power cuts
- tsunami reaching 40.5 meters
