Extracting metals

Question 1

what is oxidation and reduction

Answer 1

the addition of oxygen and reduction is loss of oxygen

Question 2

what does combustion reactions involve

Answer 2

oxidation and they’re always exothermic

Question 3

what dos it mean if metal is below hydrogen in reactivity series

Answer 3

then it cannot react with hydrogen

Question 4

what do metals at the top of reactivity series mean

Answer 4

easily oxidised so corrode easily

Question 5

why are metals at the top of series most reactive

Answer 5

because the easily lose electrons to form cations

Question 6

how can you identify the position of metal on reactivity series

Answer 6

react it with water or acid

Question 7

how do metal reacting with acid tell you abt their reactivity

Answer 7

place different metals in acid
the more reactive, the quicker the reaction with acid
the more reactive metals fizz vigorously and less reactive bubble a bit
hydrogen is identified by burning splint , louder the squeaky pop more hydrogen made hence more reactive
the speed of the bubbles of hydrogen given off show the reactivity of metals

Question 8

how do metals reacting with water show its reactivity

Answer 8

very reactive metals will react vigorously and less reactive will be slower

Question 9

What is oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons

Answer 9

oxidation is loss of electrons reduction is gain of electrons

Question 10

what is a displacement reaction

Answer 10

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element

Question 11

which element is oxidised and reduced

Answer 11

the more reactive element is oxidised and less reactive element is reduced

Question 12

how can you find reactivity of metals using displacement reactions

Answer 12

place metals to metal salt solutions and record the order of reactivity

Question 13

what is a metal ore

Answer 13

a rock that contains enough metal to make it economically valuable

Question 14

where are metal ores found

Answer 14

in the Earths crust then extracted from ores and unreactive metals are found in the crust as uncombined elements easily mined out

Question 15

how can a metal be extracted using carbon

Answer 15

using reduction, when ore is reduced the oxygen is removed from it

Question 16

what is the reactivity series

Answer 16

potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
copper
silver
gold

Question 17

what elements can be extracted using electrolysis
what elements can be extracted by reduction using carbon
what are found as pure elements

Answer 17

metals higher than carbon as it is too reactive which is expensive
metals below carbon using carbon and a blast furnace which is cheaper
gold and silver

Question 18

What is bleaching

Answer 18

the use of bacteria to separate metals from ores , energy is taken from bonds between atoms in ores causing the metals to separate and leachate being produced with contains metal ions which can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement reactions

Question 19

what is phytomining

Answer 19

plants absorb metals through their roots
plants are grown in areas with metal compounds
As the plants grow the metals are taken up through the plants and become concentrated in the leaves
These parts of the plant are harvested, dried and burned
The resulting ash contains metal compounds from which the useful metals can be extracted by displacement reactions or electrolysis

Question 20

why is bioleaching and phyto mining beneficial

Answer 20

because it doesnt damage the enviroment by producing pollutants unlike traditional methods

Question 21

how does recycling conserve energy

Answer 21

extracting metals produces lots of energy which come from burning fossil fuels so recycling metals means less energy is needed to extract and refine metals from scratch

Question 22

how does recycling conserve resources

Answer 22

fossil fuels are running out so it is important to conserve them as they contribute to acid rain and climate change
also finite

Question 23

how does recycling protect the environment

Answer 23

• It is much more energy efficient to recycle metals than it is to extract them less energy
• Recycling decreases the amount of waste produced, hence saving space at landfill sites and energy in transport and reduces pollution in landfills
• mines damage the environment and destroy habitats

Question 24

how is recycling economically beneficial

Answer 24

• Recycling is fast becoming a major industry and provides employment which feeds back into the economy
• saves money as its expensive to buy and extract metals

Question 25

what should you keep in mind in a life cycle assessment

Answer 25

choice of material
manufacture
usage
disposal

Question 26

what is choice of material

Answer 26

is the material finite
is it fossil fuel - produce lots of energy and generate pollution
does it destroy habitats like deforestation

Question 27

what is choice of material

Answer 27

is the material finite
is it fossil fuel - produce lots of energy and generate pollution
does it destroy habitats like deforestation

Question 28

what is manufacture

Answer 28

products use a lot of energy which cause pollution
Using up land for factories
The use of fossil fuelled machines for production and transport
does it need water - shouldn’t be polluted back into Environment

Question 29

what is product use

Answer 29

how does it damage environment
does it give off toxic fumes
greenhouse gases or

Question 30

what is disposal

Answer 30

disposal at landfill sites cause pollution and pollute rivers and land
could cause air pollution