Genetic engineering Flashcards
describe genetic engineering
modifying the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristic
how can you do genetic engineering
changing the genetic material by removing , altering or inserting genes genes from another organism
describe a recombinant DNA
DNA of organism that is joined to another piece of DNA using ligase enzymes at their sticky ends
describe the two vectors
plasmids - small circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria
viruses - insert DNA into organisms they infect
describe the steps of genetic engineering
- DNA you want to insert is cut out with restriction enzyme and the vector DNA is cut open using same restriction enzyme.
- the DNA from vector and DNA are inserted using sticky ends and mixed with ligase - join the DNA together
- recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells / bacteria ti make human protein as the bacteria reproduces
explain purpose of fermenter
reproduce quickly and make large quantites
what are the two enzymes and their functions
ligase - join two pieces of DNA at their sticky ends
restriction enzymes - recognise specific sequence and cut the DNA let with sticky ends