Genetic engineering Flashcards

1
Q

describe genetic engineering

A

modifying the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristic

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2
Q

how can you do genetic engineering

A

changing the genetic material by removing , altering or inserting genes genes from another organism

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3
Q

describe a recombinant DNA

A

DNA of organism that is joined to another piece of DNA using ligase enzymes at their sticky ends

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4
Q

describe the two vectors

A

plasmids - small circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria
viruses - insert DNA into organisms they infect

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5
Q

describe the steps of genetic engineering

A
  • DNA you want to insert is cut out with restriction enzyme and the vector DNA is cut open using same restriction enzyme.
  • the DNA from vector and DNA are inserted using sticky ends and mixed with ligase - join the DNA together
  • recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells / bacteria ti make human protein as the bacteria reproduces
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6
Q

explain purpose of fermenter

A

reproduce quickly and make large quantites

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7
Q

what are the two enzymes and their functions

A

ligase - join two pieces of DNA at their sticky ends

restriction enzymes - recognise specific sequence and cut the DNA let with sticky ends

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