Evolution Flashcards
what was Darwin’s discovery
Natural selection
variation in members of the same species therefore
individuals with characteristics most suited to their environment were more likely to survive, reproduce and, therefore, pass on their characteristics to their offspring
what was Wallace’s theory
speciation
beneficial characteristic that had evolved by natural selection,
how did these theories impact modern technology
life changes and we originate from common ancestor
conservation and how genetic diversity is important as it helps adapt to changing enviroment
what is natural selection
individuals show genetic variation due to differences in alleles - possibly mutations
selection pressures affect chances of survival
individual with best characteristics that are better adapted to selection pressures have higher chance of survival so breed successfully
hence alleles from useful characteristics passed on to next generation and those less adapted will be less likely to compete so don’t survive and reproduce
beneficial characteristic is more common in population
how does bacteria provide for evidence of evolution
random mutations in DNA cause new alleles formed which change bacteria characteristics so for bacteria being able to resist antibiotic is beneficial and then survive and reproduce more. this leads to antibiotic resistance being passed on to offspring and become more common
this is evidence as bacteria is better adapted to selection pressures the antibiotics and become more common in population
how do fossils provide evidence for evolution
deeper the rock the older the rock arrange them in order and observe gradual changes providing evidence that evolution as occured
what are hominids
humans and their ancestors
who is Ardi 1. age 2. feet structure 3. arms and legs 4. brain 5. stance overall
- 4.4 million years old
- climbed trees ape like big toe
- long arms and short legs like an ape
- brain like chimpanzee
- walked upright as hand bone suggest didn’t use hands
mixture of a human and ape
who is Lucy 1. age 2. feet 3. arms and legs 4. brain size 5. stance overall
- 3.2 million years old
- arched feet suggesting walking more than climbing no ape toe
- arms and legs in between ape and human
- brain larger than Ardis same to chimps
- walked upright and more efficiently
more human like than ardi
what did leaky find
- name and age
- arms and legs
- brain size
- stance
overall
- Turkana boy 1.6 million
- short arms and long legs like human
- brain much bigger than Lucy’s like a human
- better adapted to walking
more human like than lucy
what were happening to stone tools over time
Homo evolved, they started using stone tools that gradually became more complex over evolutionary time
what did homo Habilis use
2.5 1.5 million years ago
Simple stone tools made by hitting rock together used to scrap meat of bones
what did homo erectus use
2 - 0.3 million years
Rocks sculpted into more complex shapes
used to hunt, dig, chop and scrape meat from bones
what did homo neanderthalensis use
(300.000 - 25.000 years ago
Even more complex tools like pointed tools and spears
what did homo sapiens use
The most complex tools of all first appeared about
50,000 years ago
pointed tools and flint tools
