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GCSE > Electrolysis > Flashcards

Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electrolysis

A

when a molten of aqueous ionic compound is decomposed using and electric current

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2
Q

why cant covalent compounds undergo electrolysis

A

because they do not conduct electricity

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3
Q

what is an Anode

A

a positive electrode

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4
Q

what is a cathode

A

negative electode

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5
Q

what is a anion

A

negatively charged ion anode

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6
Q

what is a cation

A

positively charged ion attracted to cathode

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7
Q

how does electrons flow in electrolytic cell

A

from anode to cathode

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8
Q

what do aqueous solution have that contribute to electrolysis

A

water that spilt into H+ and OH- ions

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9
Q

Explain what occurs in the cathode

A
  • H+- and Metal ions are attracted to the cathode
  • product form is dependant on reactivity series
    is metal is more reactive than hydrogen then hydrogen is formed (bubbling) - exceptions copper silver gold
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10
Q

What happens in the anode

A
  • OH- and non metal ions are attracted to the anode
  • product formed is dependant how ion is discharged
  • at anode oxygen is present unless metal ion is a halide.
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11
Q

explain the products of acidified water

A

hydrogen ion at cathode and oxygen at anode

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12
Q

what is a binary ionic compound

A

two element joined together by ionic bonding and when they are melted they can conduct electricity and carry a charge

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13
Q

explain the electrolysis of lead bromide

  1. what are the ions present
  2. what ions go where
  3. what is reduced and oxidised
  4. what can u observe
A
  1. ions present are Pb+ and H+ / OH- and Br-
  2. Pb+ and H+ ions are attracted to the cathode
  3. Pb is reduced as it is less reactive than hydrogen
  4. grey lead deposit at bottom of electrode
  5. OH- and Br- is attracted to the anode
  6. Br- is oxidised as it is a halide ion
  7. Brown vapour is given off by the bromide
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14
Q

how can you predict an electrolysis reaction of molten ionic compounds

A

at cathode metals are always formed and at anode non metal always formed

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15
Q

what are the results of the electrolysis of copper sulphate

A

copper is formed at the cathode as copper is less reactive than hydrogen and oxygen gas is produced at the anode as halide ions are not present

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16
Q

what is the method of electrolysis with inert electrodes

A
  • pour copper sulfate into beaker
  • place graphite rods attaching to opposite terminals
  • fill two small tubes with copper sulfate and position over electrodes
  • test gas produced using glowing splint and burning splint
17
Q

Explain the method of electrolysis with copper electrodes

A
  • pour copper sulfate in beaker
  • measure mass of copper foil and attach to negative and positive end of terminal and dip into copper sulfate
  • adjust power station and leave it for 30mins
  • remove electrodes and dry so results accurate
18
Q

what are we recording in the copper electrode experiment

A

change in mass of electrodes and currents used

19
Q

what are recording in the inert electrode experiment

A

results of gas test and what is produced at each electrode

20
Q

results of copper electrode: why is there a mass change

A

because copper is oxidised at anode and reduced at cathode therefore anode decreases in mass and cathode increases in mass as anode passes on copper to cathode

21
Q

results copper electrode: why is mass constant

A

as copper deposited at negative electrode is the same as the copper lost from positive electrode

22
Q

how is copper purified

A

copper is extracted from its ore using reduction by carbon then go through electrolysis to purify it using copper electrodes

23
Q

what does the … look like at the start of purifying copper

1) anode
2) cathode
3) electrolyte

A

1) big lump of impure copper
2) copper sulfate solution ( Cu+)
3) cathode contains thin piece of pure copper

24
Q

what happens during the process of electrolysis or purifying copper

A

impure copper at anode is oxidised and dissolves with electrolyte to form copper ions then the copper ions are reduced at the copper cathode and the layer of pure copper gets thicker any impurities sink to the bottom forming a sludge

25
Q

what is the slude

A

highly valuable material that is refined as it contains small precious metals

GCSE (97 decks)

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